Okwenza Ukuthi Ubuningi Bokuthi Ukukhulelwa Akuyona Nje Inkolelo-ze
Ukukhulelwa kubonisa isikhathi sokushintsha okuphawulekayo emzimbeni wesifazane. Ngaphandle kwezinguquko ezibonakalayo zomzimba, abesifazane bavame ukubika ukuthi ukuletha impilo entsha emhlabeni nakho kubonakala kunomthelela omkhulu ebuchosheni. Ngesikhathi ukukhulelwa kwengqondo-noma ukuzwa ukukhohlwa, ukungahloniphi, nokugubha kwengqondo ngezinye izikhathi okuhambisana nokukhulelwa-kuyisikhalazo esivamile, akuzona zonke izifundo ezisekela umbono wokuthi abesifazane bahlangabezana nokunciphisa amandla amakhono ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Olunye ucwaningo lwamuva lubonisa ukuthi ukukhulelwa kunomthelela ebuchosheni. Ingabe ukukhulelwa kwengqondo kungokoqobo? Futhi ingabe kukhona imiphumela ehlala isikhathi eside yokukhulelwa ebuchosheni?
Yikuphi Ngokuqondile "Ukukhulelwa Kwesibindi?"
Ngesinye isikhathi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, owesifazane angase athole ukuthi uthanda insimu yakhe yenjabulo akusizi nje isidumbu sakhe kodwa nomqondo wakhe. Izinkinobho ezilahlekile, ukuqokwa okukhohliwe, kanye nezikhwama ezingekho emthethweni ziyizimpawu ezimbalwa zalezi zinkungu ezivamile.
Nakuba kukhona ucwaningo oluningi mayelana nokuxhumana phakathi kwezempilo yabesifazane kanye nentuthuko yesandulela ngculaza, abacwaningi bavele baqala ukubheka izindlela zokuba nengane ithinte impilo yabesifazane. Ukukhulelwa kuyinkathi ekhonjiswe izinguquko ezinkulu emzimbeni, kufaka phakathi izinguquko ezinkulu ze-hormonal, futhi eminyakeni yamuva nje izazi zengqondo ziye zaba nesithakazelo ekufundeni okwengeziwe ngokuthi ukukhulelwa kuthinta kanjani omama, kokubili ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo.
Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kuguqulwa kwengqondo kusiza ukuba omama abalindeleke balungiselele kangcono izinkinga zokunakekela umntwana osanda kuzalwa, njengokuthuthukisa amakhono akhe ukuze abhekane nokucindezeleka ngenkathi futhi emenza aqonde ngokwengeziwe izidingo zelana lwakhe. Nakuba "ukukhulelwa kwengqondo" kungase kuholele emanzini okuzizwa ekhohlwa, okushiwo ukuthi lezi zinguquko zingabangela omama abazwelayo nabasabelayo.
Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izifundo ezikhomba kunoma yikuphi umehluko omkhulu wokuqonda phakathi kwabesifazane abakhulelwe nabangakhulelwe. Isibonelo, isifundo se-2014 sibheke abesifazane abakhulelwe ku-trimester yabo yesithathu, abesifazane abayizinyanga ezintathu emva kokubeletha, nezilawuli ezingakhulelwe. Ngesikhathi bobabili abesifazane abakhulelwe nabangemva kokuzalwa bebika izinkinga zememori eziphakeme ezizimele, imiphumela yocwaningo lathola ukuthi akukho ukungafani phakathi kokulawulwa nabesifazane abakhulelwe / abathintekayo ngezinyathelo eziningi ezihlobene nenkumbulo, ukunakwa, nokusebenza okuphezulu.
Izinguquko ku-Brain Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
Nakuba kungekho zonke izifundo ezivumelanayo, ubufakazi obuningi bubonisa ukuthi abesifazane banokuhlangenwe nakho okunciphisa ukulinganiswa kwamakhono ahlukahlukene ekukhuliseni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Imithelela kwimemori
Isibonelo, ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta ka-2007 kubheka izifundo ezingu-14 ezifanisa ukuqhathanisa nabesifazane abakhulelwe nabasemuva ekulawuleni okunempilo, okungezona okukhulelwe ngezinyathelo zememori. Lokho abacwaningi abathola ukuthi abesifazane abathintekayo babhekene nokukhubazeka okuphawulekayo ezintweni ezithile zememori, kodwa hhayi konke.
Ngokuqondile, bathole ukuthi imisebenzi ebeka ukufunwa okuphezulu ekulawuleni ukulawula ukuqonda ingase iphazamiseke kakhulu phakathi kokubili kokukhulelwa kanye nenkathi yokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izindawo ezathinteka kakhulu ngokukhulelwa zazihlanganisa ukukhumbula okukhululekile nokukhumbula inkumbulo.
Ukukhumbula okukhululekile yikhono lokukhumbula izinto ezivela ohlwini, ngenkathi ukusebenza komemori kuyinhlobo yememori yesikhathi esifushane okubandakanya okuhlangenwe nakho okusheshayo okuhlangenwe nakho. Lokhu kuchaza, mhlawumbe ukuthi kungani abesifazane abakhulelwe ngezinye izikhathi bebika ukuhlukumezeka ukuze bakhumbule imininingwane efana namagama nezinsuku, kanye nomzwelo "obuthakathaka" obuningi obheke ukuthi omama bavame ukubhekana nakho.
Abacwaningi basikisela ukuthi ngenkathi imisebenzi yememori ehlaziywa kahle, njengokukhumbula amagama nezinamba zocingo zamalungu omndeni oseduze, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuthi ithinteke, imisebenzi yenkumbulo kanye nenselele yokukhumbula imithwalo eyengeziwe. Ukukhumbula izinombolo eziyisihlanu kuya kweziyisithupha zesikhathi esifushane, njengenombolo entsha yocingo, kungaba nzima kakhulu ukulindela abesifazane.
Ukuthuthukiswa kokuQaphela
Ucwaningo olwenziwe ngo-2009 lwathola ukuthi ukukhulelwa kwakuhlotshaniswa nokuncipha okuthile ekukhunjuleni mahhala, kodwa leyo nkumbulo yokukhumbula ayizange ibe yimbi kakhulu ngenxa yokukhulelwa. Eqinisweni, lolu cwaningo lwabonisa ukuthi, uma kukhona, inkumbulo yokuqashelwa empeleni yayingcono kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kunesikhathi sokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Izinguquko ezimnyama
Ngakho-ke ngenkathi ukukhulelwa kuxhunyaniswa nezinguquko kumakhono amabili okuzicabangela nokuziphendulela, ingabe ukukhulelwa empeleni kuholela ekushintsheni ebuchosheni uqobo?
Ucwaningo olulodwa lwathola ukuthi ukukhulelwa kubangelwa ngempela ukushintsha izinguquko ezibucayi besifazane, kangangokuthi abacwaningi bakwazi ukutshela ukuthi owesifazane ube nomntwana nje ngokubheka ubuchopho bakhe bobuchopho.
Yenzani ngempela lezi zinguquko? Ucwaningo olulodwa lwathola ukuthi indaba ephuzi empeleni iyancipha ezindaweni eziphathelene nobuchopho obuhlobene nokucubungula nokuphendula emasayini omphakathi.
Umlobi oholayo wocwaningo, u-Elseline Hoekzema, waphawula ukuthi lokhu akusho ukuthi 'ukukhulelwa kwenza ulahlekelwe ubuchopho bakho.' Esikhundleni salokho, ukusikisela, ukulahlekelwa kwevolumu yengqondo kulezi zindawo kungase kubonise inqubo yokuvuthwa nokukhethekile, okuvumela abesifazane ukuba bagxile kakhulu futhi bazivumelanise nezidingo zezingane zabo.
Yini Ebangelwa Ubuningi Bokukhulelwa?
Ngakho-ke kuyilapho kucacile ukuthi izifundo eziningi zisekela umqondo wokuthi kukhona okungenani ushintsho olukhulu oluqhubekayo ebuchosini besifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, izimbangela zalezi zinguquko zezinzwa azicaci ngokuphelele. Ezinye zezici ezingase zifakwe kufaka phakathi okulandelayo.
Amahomoni
Njengazinye izimpawu eziningi ezihlobene nokukhulelwa, ama-hormone avame ukusola ngenxa yalezinkinga zememori. Abanye abacwaningi basikisela ukuthi amazinga aphakanyisiwe ama-hormone ocansi avela ngalezi zigaba zokukhulelwa angathinta izindawo zobuchopho ezidlala indima emisebenzini ethile yememori.
Ucwaningo olulodwa lathola ukuthi abesifazane abakhulelwe bahola imisebenzi eminengi yokukhumbula isikhala kunabesifazane abangakhulelwe, nokuthi ukuphazamiseka kwememori kwakulokhu kukhula kakhulu njengoba ukukhulelwa kuqhubeka. Abacwaningi baphinde balinganisa ama-hormone ahlukene ezocansi futhi abahlanganyeli baqedela uhlu lwemibuzo ukuze bahlole amazinga omzwelo nokukhathazeka.
Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi abesifazane abasesigabeni sabo sesibili nesithathu sokukhulelwa benza okubi nakakhulu emisebenzini yememori futhi babhekana nezinkinga eziphansi nokukhathazeka okwengeziwe. Ngokuthakazelisayo, lolu cwaningo alutholanga ukuhlangana phakathi kwamazinga e-hormone nezibalo zokuhlolwa kwememori.
Ukulala Ukulala
Izinguquko zomzimba ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa zingadlala indima ekukhuliseni ubuchopho, kepha izinto zokuphila ziba nomthelela nakanjani. Ukulala, noma ukuntuleka kwayo, kungase kube yinto engaba yinto engenzeka. Ukwehla kokulala, okungahle kuvezwe ngokuthi ubuthongo buba nzima kakhulu njengoba ukhulelwe ukukhula, kungadlala indima enkulu. Ukulala-ukuphumula ngokuvamile kuba yinkinga enkulu emva kokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba omama abaningi abasha bethola ukuthi balahlekelwa ukulala okubalulekile njengoba benakekela izingane zabo futhi bavumelane nezidingo ezintsha zobumama.
Ukucindezeleka
Amazinga okucindezeleka okwenziwe ngokuba umzali angase adlale indima eyingxenye ekwenzeni ukukhulelwa kwengqondo. Njengoba kukhulunywe ngaphambilini, okungenani ukutadisha okulodwa kuye kwathola amazinga okukhathazeka avame ukwanda njengoba ukukhulelwa kuqhubeka, futhi amazinga okucindezeleka angathuthukisa okulandelayo ukuzalwa. Izinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala zokunakekela usana lungabhekana ikakhulukazi futhi luholele emazingeni aphezulu okucindezeleka.
Izimbangela eziqondile zokukhulelwa kwengqondo cishe ziningi. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinguquko ze-hormonal, amazinga okucindezeleka okwandayo, nokuphazanyiswa kokulala kungase kube nomthelela ekubuneni ngememori futhi kuqaphele ukuthi abesifazane abakhulelwe nabangemva kokuzalwa babika ukuthi babhekana nakho. Phela, ekubeni umzali ubeka zonke izinhlobo zezidingo kubesifazane, kokubili ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo, ngakho-ke kufanele kube nomthelela othile emqondweni nasemzimbeni.
Imiphumela
Ngakho zonke lezi zinguquko ebuchosheni zisho ukuthini ngempela? Zikhona yini izinto ezithinta isikhathi eside ezempilo yowesifazane?
Ubufakazi bubonisa ukuthi izinguquko eziningi ezenzeka ebuchosheni ngesikhathi nangemva kokukhulelwa zinomthelela omuhle ekwenzeni owesifazane ukunakekela izingane zakhe. Ucwaningo olwenziwe ngo-2010 lwathola ukuthi abesifazane baphenduka ezindaweni ezibuchopho, kubandakanya i-hypothalamus ne-amygdala, ebaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni ngokomzwelo.
Izazi ze-neuroscientists zathola ukuthi izinguquko emazingeni e-estrogen, prolactin, ne-oxytocin hormone ngemuva kokuzalwa zingasiza ukuphinda uvuselele ubuchopho besifazane ngokuphendula ezinganeni zabo zidinga. Okutholakele kusikisela ukuthi umama omusha empeleni uhlangabezana nokwakhiwa ezindaweni eziyinhloko phakathi kobuchopho obuhlobene nokugqugquzela nokuziphatha, mhlawumbe ukudlala ingxenye ebalulekile ekushayeleni usana.
Abacwaningi basebenzisa izikrini ze-MRI ukubuka ubuchopho besifazane abasanda kubeletha. Ukuqhathaniswa kwezithombe ezithathwe kanye namaviki amabili namane emva kokubeletha kwembula ukunyuka okuncane kodwa okuphawulekayo kwendwangu yegrey ezindaweni ezithile zobuchopho. Izindawo lapho lokhu kukhula kwevolumu kubonakala kubandakanya i-hypothalamus (ehlobene nokugqugquzelwa komama), i-prefrontal cortex (ehambisana nokugwetshwa nokucabanga), kanye ne-amygdala (ehambisana nokucubungula ngokomzwelo).
Mhlawumbe emangalisa nakakhulu, omama ababika ukuthi bazizwa behle kakhulu futhi "othandweni" nezingane zabo bekunamathuba amaningi okubonisa lokhu ukukhuliswa phakathi kobuchopho. Inani le-grey indaba yokuguquguquka kwevolumu ibuye ihambelane nendlela omama abathintekayo ababengabantwana babo. Abomama ababika imizwa enamandla yokunamathiselwe babonisa izinguquko ezinkulu kumthamo wezindaba ezimpunga. Ucwaningo luphinde lwathola ukuthi lapho omama abasha beboniswa izithombe zezingane zabo, babhekana nomsebenzi owandile ezindaweni zomphakathi zobuchopho.
Izwi elivela ku-Verywell
Izinguquko ebuchosheni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa zingabangela inkumbulo ethile nokukhathalela ubunzima, kodwa lezi zinguquko zibonakala zinezinzuzo ezibalulekile. Ngenkathi kucwaninga okwengeziwe, kubonakala ukuthi ukukhulelwa kuyisikhathi esibucayi se-neurovelopmentment. Ukukhulelwa kushiya uphawu emzimbeni nasengqondweni, kanti ucwaningo olusanda kuvela lubonisa ukuthi ezinye zalezi zinguquko zihlala zikhona.
Izinguquko ebuchosheni zingase zibonise ukuthi izindawo ezithile ziba ngokukhethekile ngokukhethekile ekuphenduleni ukukhulelwa. Ngakho uma uzizwa uzizwa ukhohlwa futhi unganaki ngesikhathi ukhulelwe, ungakhathazeki, awulahlekelwa ingqondo yakho. Usanda ukwakha ubuchopho obuphendula kakhulu izidingo eziningi zokubeletha.
> Imithombo:
> Farrar, D, Tuffnell, D, Neill, J, Scally, A, & Marshall, K. Ukuhlolwa komsebenzi wokuqonda ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa esebenzisa i-CANTAB: Ucwaningo lwesikhathi eside. Ukuqanjwa kobuchopho . 2014; 84 (1): 76-84. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.bandc.2013.11.003.
> Henry, JD, uRendell, PG. Ukubuyekezwa komthelela wokukhulelwa ememori. Journal of Neuropsychology Clinic and Experimental. 2007; 29 (8): 793-803. i-doi: 10.1080 / 13803390701612209.
> Logan, DM, Hill, KR, Jones, R, Holt-Lunstad, J, & Larson, MJ. Imemori nokunakwa kuyashintsha kanjani ngokukhulelwa nokubeletha? Ukuhlolwa kwe-longitudinal okulawulwa kwe-neuropsychological women in pregnancy and postpartum women. Journal of Neuropsychology Clinic and Experimental. 2014; 36 (5): 528-539. i-doi: 10.1080 / 13803395.2014.912614.
> Ama-Mickes, L, i-Wixted, i-JT, i-Shaprio, A, ne-Scarff, i-JM. Imiphumela yokukhulelwa ememori: Khumbula kubi nakakhulu kodwa ukuqashelwa akuyona. Journal of Neuropsychology Clinic and Experimental . 2009; 31 (6): 754-761. i-doi: 10.1080 / 13803390802488111.
> Kim, P, Leckman, JF, Maye, LC, Felman, R, Wang, X, & Swain, JE. I-plasticity yomqondo womuntu wesifazane: I-Longitudianl ishintshe ekutheni i-brain anatomy ngesikhathi sokuqala kwe-postpartum. I-Neuroscience ye-Behavioral. 2010; 124 (5): 695-700. i-doi: 10.1037 / a0020884.