Izinkinga Ezivame Ukuzalwa Nesonto Elidala Lamaviki amabili
Uma ingane yakho ihlasela iminyaka engama-2, ungase uzizwe ushiye ezinye zezinkinga zakho ngemuva. Ukusebenza nokudiliva kungase kubonakale njengomlando wasendulo, futhi unqobe ezinye izinkathazo zokuqala mayelana nokuthi uzoyidla, alale noma ayike. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, mhlawumbe uzizwa uvikelekile kakhudlwana kwengane yakho kunalokho ongakaze ucabange ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwakhe.
Yini okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nezingane zakho ezinamaviki amabili, futhi yiziphi izinkinga ongabhekana nazo ngokudla kwakhe, ukukhula nokuphepha?
Ukudla Okusanda Kuzalwa
Ingane yakho izothola konke okunomsoco wakhe kusuka ebisi lwebele noma ifomula lesisu elinesisindo kuze kube yilapho ineminyaka emine kuya kweyisithupha ubudala. Asikho isidingo sokungezela ngamanzi , ijusi , noma okusanhlamvu ngalesi sikhathi. Mhlawumbe uzodla amahora amabili kuya kweyisithupha futhi, uma udla ngokufunwa futhi ulandele izinkulumo zomntanakho, khumbula ukuthi akuzona zonke izinyembezi "ezikhalayo" futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ubeke imingcele ethile (isibonelo, ungamvumeli ukuba ukondla njalo ihora). Uma ungenjalo, uzothola lokho, ngokungafani nabantu abadala abadla kakhulu, ukugqithisa okungase kubuye futhi kubuyele emgodini wakho. Ngaphandle kokulala okuncane okutholayo kuzokwehla ngokuqhubekayo.
Amantombazane amaningi abancancisayo azodla amaminithi angu-10-15 emathunjini ngamunye (nakuba ungafaneleki isikhathi sakho sokuphakelayo) njalo amahora angu-1 kuya kwangu-3 kuya kwezingu-3, kanti abantwana abondla amabhodlela bazothatha ama-ounces amabili njalo emahoreni amabili kuya kwangu-2-4.
Ngamaviki angu-4-8, ingane yakho cishe izobe isesimweni esinqunyiwe.
Ingane yakho isanda kuchitha isikhathi esiningi sokulala noma yokudla. Ekuqaleni, vusa ingane yakho ukuze uthole ukudla uma elele isikhathi esingaphezulu kwamahora amane kuya kwamahlanu. Kamuva, uma esondeza kahle, ungamvumela ukuba alale uma nje ethanda.
Khumbula ukuthi ingane esanda kuzalwa kufanele ibelebele cishe izikhathi ezingu-8 kuya kwezi-12 ngosuku. Mhlawumbe ngeke aqale ukulala ubusuku kuze kube yizinyanga ezintathu kuya kwezine ubudala.
Ukondla izindlela zokugwema ukunikeza ingane encelisayo ibhodlela ngaphambi kokuthi ibe namasonto amane kuya kwangu-6 ubudala, ukubeka ibhodlela embhedeni noma ukufaka ibhodlela ngenkathi isondla, ukubeka okusanhlamvu ebhodleleni, inyosi yokudla, ukwethula izinsila ngaphambi kwezinyanga ezingu-4 kuya kwezi-6, noma Ukushisa amabhodlela ku-microwave.
Futhi, gwema ukusetshenziswa kwamafomu asezingeni elincane, okungekho ukudla okwanele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zintsana ekhulayo. Amafomula aphansi e-iron awaqukethe insimbi eyanele futhi azobeka ingane yakho engozini yokuthuthukisa ukungenwa kwe-iron anemia (okuye kwahlotshaniswa kakhulu nokukhula okuncane nokuthuthukiswa kanye nokukhubazeka kokufunda). Amafomu ama-iron aqinisekisiwe awabangeli i- colic, ukuqotshwa noma i-aclux ye-asidi futhi akufanele ushintshele kwifomula encane ye-iron uma ingane yakho inesinye salezi zinkinga.
Ngaphandle kobisi lwebele noma ifomula, ukwesekwa okubalulekile kwabaningi abantwana kuyinvithamini D. Sifunde eminyakeni yamuva ukuthi ukutholakala kwevithamini D kungabangela izinkinga eziningi, futhi iziqu (isimo esingaba khona nge-vitamin D) empeleni sanda.
Izingane eziningi azigcini nje ngokuthola vithamini D. Kunconywa ukuthi zonke izingane ezincelisayo zihlinzekwe isithako sevithamini D 400 IU nsuku zonke, ziqala ezinsukwini ezimbalwa emva kokuzalwa. Izingane ezisondliwa ngefomini ye-vitamin D-enezivikelo eziqinile kodwa ezingadli okungenani ama-ounces angu-32 nsuku zonke kufanele zithole isithasiselo samavithamini D 400 IU nsuku zonke.
Ezinye zezinkinga ezivamile zokudla okunomsoco ongabhekana nazo ngalesi sikhathi zihlanganisa ukwazi indlela yokupompa kangcono nokugcina ubisi lwebele , futhi yini engenziwa ukuze ingane isondelane futhi idinga ukondliwa njalo.
Ukukhula Okusanda Kuzalwa Nokuthuthukiswa
Izingane zakho ezineminyaka engu-2 ubudala zizobe zibuye zithole okuningi noma konke isisindo alahlekelwe esontweni lakhe lokuqala.
Kule minyaka yobudala, ungalindela ukuthi ingane yakho ibheke ubuso bakho, umemezela ngokukhala okukhulu, uphakamise ikhanda, bese uqala ukumamatheka ngokuzenzekelayo. Angase aqale nokubona izinto ezijwayelekile kanye nemisindo. Lezimpendulo zibizwa ngokuthi " izinyathelo zokuthuthukiswa ," futhi udokotela wakho wezingane uzokubuza uma umntwana wakho ehleka kuqala futhi lapho ehleka kuqala (ngokuvamile phakathi kwamaviki ayisithupha nambili.)
Uma usebenzisa i- pacifier , zama futhi ukhawule ukusetshenziswa kwayo lapho ingane yakho ibonakala idinga ukuziphatha okududuzayo kokuncelisa. Gwema ukuyisebenzisa njalo lapho ingane yakho ikhala (ngokuvamile kungcono ukuthatha futhi ubambe ingane yakho ukuze imduduze lapho ikhala) futhi ukuze uvikeleke, sebenzisa i-pacifier ye-commercial piece eyodwa futhi ungayilondolozi entanyeni yentombazane yakho.
Khumbula ukuthi zonke izingane ziyingqayizivele futhi zinemimoya ehlukile. Ezinye zizolile futhi zithule, kanti ezinye zisebenza kakhulu futhi ezinye zibucayi futhi zithola kalula (futhi zingadinga izindawo ezincane ezishukumisayo ukuze zihlale zizolile). Zama futhi ugcine izingane zakho zibe nengqondo njengoba usabela ezidingo zakhe.
Ukuphepha okusha
Izingozi ziyisizathu esiyinhloko sokufa kwezingane. Iningi lalaba bantu abafayo lingavinjelwa kalula futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina ingqondo yengane yakho ngaso sonke isikhathi. Nawa amanye amathiphu okugcina ingane yakho enamaviki amabili iphephile:
- Ngokusho kwemihlahlandlela yokuhlala emotweni yakamuva, kufanele usebenzise isana elibhekene nebhebhe elibhekene naso noma isihlalo sokunakekela, bese uyibeka esihlalweni sangemuva kuze kube yilapho ingane yakho ineminyaka emibili ubudala noma ilahlekelwa isisindo esibhekene naso ngemuva noma imingcele yokuphakama. Ungalokothi ubeke ingane yakho esihlalweni sangaphambili semoto nge-airbag ye-sidebag.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi isikhala somntanakho siphephile: ungaba ngaphezu kwama-2/8 amasentimitha amabili phakathi kwemishayo; i-mattress kufanele iqiniseke futhi ihambisane kahle nesikhumba; beka kude namafasitela kanye nemidwebo; futhi ugweme ukubeka izingubo zokugcoba, izilwane ezigxotshiwe, noma imithwalo esitokisini ngoba zingabangela ukugubha.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi imishini esetshenzisiwe noma esebenzayo, njengezihlalo zamabhayisikili asetshenzisiwe , abahamba ngezinyawo, kanye nezigebengu azizange zikhunjulwe ngezizathu zokuphepha. Shayela umkhiqizi noma iKhomishane yokuThengiswa komkhiqizo wabathengi ukuze uthole uhlu lwamakhompi akhunjisiwe.
- Beka izinga lokushisa lomshini wakho wokushisa wamanzi ashisayo kuya kuma-degree angu-120 F ukuvimbela ukushisa kwe-scalding.
- Ukuze uvimbele ukuchofoza, ungashiyi izinto ezincane noma izikhwama zeplastiki ekufikeni komntanakho.
- Emuva Ukulala : faka ingane yakho ukuba ilale ngemuva kwayo ukuze unciphise ingozi yokuzalwa yintsana ngokuzumayo (SIDS) futhi ungalokothi umbeke phansi yedwa emanzini, ebhontshisi, noma ngendwangu elithambile engakwazi ukumboza ubuso bakhe futhi ibangele.
- Ukuvimbela kwehla ngokushiya ingane yakho yedwa embhedeni noma etafuleni lokushintsha.
- Faka izinambuzane zomshukela kanye ne- carbon monoxide futhi usebenzise izingubo zokulala ezilahlwa yilala.
- Landela isinyathelo sethu ngesinyathelo sesinyathelo sokuvimbela ingane yakho ekhaya , uqaphele izingozi ezifihlekile .
- Kuze kube yilapho ingane yakho ikhulile futhi isimiso sakhe somzimba samasosha omzimba sinamandla, mhlawumbe umqondo omuhle ukumgcina kusuka emaqenjini amakhulu abantu noma ezinye izingane ezigulayo ukuze unciphise ukutholakala kwakhe kwezifo.
- Yazi izibonakaliso nezimpawu zokugula kwengane: umkhuhlane (shayela udokotela wezingane ngokushesha uma ingane yakho inesimo esiphezulu noma ngaphezulu kuka-100.4 ngaphambi kokuba ibe nezinyanga ezingu-2-3 ubudala), ukunciphisa ukufisa, ukuhlanza, ukucasula, nokwehla, noma ngisho nokuzwa kwakho kwamathumbu njengomzali ukuthi kukhona okungalungile.
- Yazi inamba nokuthi nini ukubiza ukulawula ubuthi ngaphambi kokubiza udokotela wezingane.
Ukuthatha Izingane Zakho kuMdokotela
Kwakuvame ukuba ukuthi iningi lezingane likhishwe e-nursery bese lingabonanga izingane zabo kuze kube yilapho beba namaviki amabili ubudala, kodwa leso seluleko sishintshile phakathi neminyaka.
Nakuba kuncike ekutheni umntwana wakho usevele e- jaundiced noma cha, lapho ebuyela ekhaya, ukuthi wayekudla kanjani, futhi uma enenkinga yokwelashwa, i-American Academy of Pediatrics icebisa ukuthi abantwana kufanele babonwe ngumhlengikazi noma udokotela phakathi kweminyaka kwezinsuku ezintathu nezinsuku ezingu-5. Ingane yakho izoba nokuhlola lapho ineminyaka emibili ubudala.
Ngeviki ezimbili zokuhlola, ungalindela udokotela wakho ukuthi ahlole isisindo somntwana wakho, ukuphakama kanye nenhloko yekhanda futhi abukeze ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwakhe. Ukuhlolwa kwesikrini esanda kuzalwa kuvame ukuphindaphindiwe futhi kungenzeka ukuthi abe nokugonywa kwakhe kokuqala kwe-Hepatitis B (ngaphandle kokuthi kakade kunikezwe emtholampilo). Ungase uzwe okunye okuphikisanayo mayelana nokugoma futhi kuyasiza ukufunda ngezinganekwane ezenza abantu abathile bangagonyanga izingane zabo .
Olandelayo ozohlola nodokotela wezingane uzoba lapho ingane yakho ineminyaka emibili ubudala (nakuba abanye odokotela bancoma ukuhambela emavikini amane ubudala) noma ngaphambili uma unenkinga.
Izinkinga ezivame ukuzalwa
Kunezinto eziningi ezikhathazayo ezivamile ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa. Ezinye zazo zihlanganisa:
- I-Jaundice: I- Jaundice i-yellowing yesikhumba eyenzeka cishe cishe ingxenye yengane. Kuvame ukuphathwa ngokuphakelayo njalo nokusetshenziswa kwezibani ze-bilirubin ezimweni ezimbi. Udokotela wakho uzokwazi ukutshela ukuthi ukwelashwa kuyadingeka ngokuhlola ingane yakho kanye / noma ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Uma umntwana wakho ephuzi ebusweni bakhe nasengxenyeni engaphezulu kwesifuba sakhe, khona-ke ungacelwa ukuba umbeke phambi kwefasitela imizuzu eyishumi kuya kwemihlanu kuya kwemizuzu engu-3 kuya kweziyi-4 ngosuku, nakuba ochwepheshe abaningi bethi lokhu akudingekile. Uma ucelwa ukuba wenze lokhu, qiniseka ukuthi ingane yakho ayishisi kakhulu noma ayanda kakhulu. Ukukhanya kwelanga (kanye nokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet uma kunamafu) kusiza ukuguqula i-bilirubin eyenza isikhumba sakhe sibe sesinye into engadlula emcinini. Kwezinye izimo zokungafani kwegazi, ingane yakho ingaba kakhulu i-jaundiced futhi idinga ukwelashwa okunomthelela.
- Ukuqokwa: Ukuqashwa kwabantwana kuyabonakala njengokuhamba kwezinto ezinzima, ezinjenge-pellet ezibangela ubuhlungu noma ukuphuma (ukububula noma ukuhlunga kuvamile) futhi hhayi kangako ukuthi ingane yakho ihamba kanjani ngokunyakaza (ezinye izingane ezincelisayo ziba nesibindi esisodwa kuphela ukunyakaza ngesonto ngalinye ngemuva kokuba babe nezinyanga ezi-1 kuya kwezingu-2 ubudala). Ukwelashwa kokuqala ukunikeza ama-ounces amabili noma ama-4 wamanzi noma ijusi le-prune elihlanjululwe kanye noma kabili ngosuku noma ngokushintsha ifomula esekelwe e-soy. Kuyinto engavamile ukuba izinsana ziqotshwe, noma kunjalo, ngakho shayela udokotela wezingane uma ingane yakho ingenayo ukunyakaza kwesiguli njalo.
- I-Stuffy Eose / Ukuthunga: Iphunga eliphambene noma ukunyundela livame kakhulu ezinsana futhi ngokuvamile libangelwa ukucasuka emoyeni owomile, umusi noma uthuli. Zama ukuqeda ukucasuka okujwayelekile kusuka ekhaya lakho. Ungazama ukusebenzisa i-humidifier noma amaconsi amanzi ekhaleni likasawoti uma ingane yakho ibonakala ingakhululekile.
- Ukuhlwitha: Isihlahla sitholakale sitholakala ngokuba khona kwamabala omhlophe okugqoka ngaphakathi kwamathumbu nolimi lwakho olungenakuqedwa kalula. Kubangelwa ukutheleleka kwemvubelo emnene kakhulu futhi isula kalula ngemithi yokwelapha okuthiwa i-Nystatin noma i-Fluconazole.
- Ukuqhuma kwesithombeni: Ukwehlisa izidakamizwa, imfucuza yengane , nekhanda elibi elivame ukuzihlukanisa ngaphandle kokwelashwa.
- Isikhumba esomile: Isikhumba esomile ngokuvamile sijwayelekile ezinganeni, kodwa ungasebenzisa insipho emnene nomswakama kanye noma kabili ngosuku uma ufisa.
- Ukuphahlaza: Abantwana abaningi baphalaza ( reflux ) ngemuva kokudla ngenxa yokuphefumula noma ngoba i-valve evala ingxenye engenhla yesisu isishintshile. Ngokuvamile akuyona into ekukhathazayo uma nje ingane yakho ithola isisindo futhi ayibangeli ukuba akhwehle noma adikibe. Ezinye izinyathelo okumelwe zithathe ukuze kuthuthukiswe le nkinga zidla inani elincanyana, ukuqhuma okuphindaphindiwe ngesikhathi sokudla, ukugwema ukucindezelwa esiswini sakhe, noma ukunciphisa umsebenzi onamandla ngemva kokudla. I-Reflux ithuthuka ngokukhula, ngokuvamile ngaphandle kokwelapha.
- Amanzi Emanzi: Amehlo enamanzi ebantwaneni ngokuvamile abangelwa ukuhamba kwezinyembezi ezivinjiwe futhi akuyona into ekhathazayo ngaphandle kokuba amehlo atheleleke (vumela udokotela wezingane zakho ukuthi angakwazi ukunikeza amaconsi e-antibiotic eye.) Ngokuvamile uzihlanza ngaphambi kokuba umntwana wakho uneminyaka engu-12 ubudala.
- Imfucumfucu ye- Diaper ijwayele kakhulu futhi ivame ukucaca ezinsukwini ezintathu ukuya kwezingu-4 nge- cream e-rash cream . Uma ingacacisi noma ibomvu futhi igozwe amachashazi abomvu, ingane yakho ingaba nokutheleleka kwemvubelo futhi izodinga ukhilimu owenziwe nge-antifungal ukusiza ukuyihlwitha. Ukuvuthwa kwe-diaper kungavinjelwa ukuguqulwa kwe-diaper evamile, ukwandisa ukutholakala komoya ngokugcina i-diaper ngaphandle ngangokunokwenzeka, nokusebenzisa insipho emnene kuphela emva kokuhamba kwamathumbu (hlambulula ngamanzi afudumele ngezikhathi ezithile).
- Izifo Eziphezulu Zokuphefumula: Izifo eziphezulu zokuphefumula zivame kakhulu futhi zifaka izimpawu zomsindo ocacile noma ophuzi olubomvu nokukhwehlela. Zivame ukubangelwa ama-virusi abandayo futhi okungajwayelekile ukuthi kukhona ama-antibiotic adingekayo (kuphela ezinganeni ezakha ukutheleleka kokubili kwebhaktheriya.) Ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa amaconsi amanzi emanzini anosawoti kanye nokulandelela i-bulb ukugcina ikhala labo licacile. Shayela ingane yakho uma ingane yakho inomkhuhlane ophezulu, ukuphefumula ubunzima noma kungaphuthuki ezinsukwini ezingu-7 ukuya kwezingu-10
Ngezansi Kulokho Okufanele Ukwazi Nge-2-Iviki Elidala Elidala
Ingane yakho enezinsuku ezingu-2 cishe isivele iyisikhungo nenjabulo yokuphila kwakho. Ukuzinika isikhathi sokuzijwayeza ngokudla okuzalwa okusha, ukukhula okujwayelekile nentuthuko, ukuphepha kwengane, kanye nokugula kwengane evamile kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni impilo yengane yakho nokunciphisa ezinye izinkathazo eziza nokuphila okusha ngokugcwele ngokuphelele kuwe indlela. Okushiwo ngenhla umlayezo wokujabulela lezi zikhathi. Ngalesi sikhathi cishe kungenzeka (ukuphazamiseka?) Ukulala kunqatshiwe futhi uzibuza ukuthi wenzeni ngesikhathi sakho ngaphambi kokuba ingane izalwe. Khumbula ukuthatha isikhashana ukuthula futhi uvele ujabulele ukuba khona kwalokhu kuphila okusha okuyigugu.
> Imithombo:
> Kliegman, uRobert M., uBonita Stanton, uSt Geme III uJoseph W., uNine Felice. Schor, uRichard E. Behrman, noWaldo E. Nelson. UNelson Bookbook of Pediatrics. I-20th Edition. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2015. Phrinta.