Ukuphakama nobukhulu Ngonyaka Wokuqala Ngezingqikithi
Njengabazali abaningi, ungase uzibuze ukuthi ingane yakho iyanda yini evamile. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kwesilingo, akukhuthazwa ukuqhathanisa ukukhula nentuthuko yengane yakho kwezinye izingane. Yonke ingane iyodwa futhi ikhula ngesivinini sayo. Ezinye izingane zinkulu, kanti ezinye izingane zincane. Kukhona nakanjani ukukhula okuphilile. Futhi, njengoba ukukhula kuxhomeke ezintweni eziningi, akuwona wonke umuntu olandela iphethini efanayo.
Nazi ezinye zezilinganiso zesisindo nokuphakama phakathi nonyaka wokuqala. Kodwa, khumbula, uma ingane yakho incane noma imkhulu kunezilinganiso ezijwayelekile, akusho ukuthi akuvamile.
Yimaphi amashadi okukhula okushoyo
Amashadi okukhula kanye nama-percentile amathrekhi kuphela asisiza ukulandelela ukukhula kwezingane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. I-50th percentile ayisho ukuthi evamile. I-50th percentile isho isilinganiso. Ngenkathi ezinye izingane ziwela emgqeni wamaphakathi, izingane eziningi ziwela ngezansi noma ngenhla. Ngakho-ke, uma ingane yakho ingekho ku-50c percentile, ngokuqinisekile akusho ukuthi ayikhuli ngendlela enempilo. Izinto eziningi zithinta ukuphakama nesisindo somntanakho, kufaka phakathi izakhi zofuzo, ukudla, kanye nezinga lomsebenzi. Izinsana ezinempilo ziphakathi kwe-5 percentile kanye ne-95th percentile.
I-WHO ne-CDC Growth Charts
Wonke amashadi okukhula awafani. I-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) inikeza isethi yamashadi okukhula ahlanganisa idatha endala nolwazi oluvela kuhlanganiswa kwezindlela zokudla.
Amashadi e-CDC okukhula akhulume futhi abonise ukuthi izingane zakhula kanjani ngesikhathi esithile e-United States. I-World Health Organization (WHO) amashadi okukhula aqukethe idatha eyengeziwe kusuka kubantwana abancelisiwe. Njengoba omama bebeletha kakhulu futhi amashadi e-WHO abhekwa njengendlela evamile yokuthi izingane zikhule kanjani, i-CDC incoma ukusebenzisa amashadi ekhulayo e-WHO kubo bonke abantwana - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bancelisa noma bathatha ifomula - phakathi neminyaka emibili yokuqala.
I-American Academy of Pediatrics (APP) iyavumelana nesincoma se-CDC.
Isilinganiso Isisindo Esisanda Kuzalwa
Isisindo sesisindo somntwana osanda kuzalwa singamakhilogremu angu-7 ukuya ku-7 1/2 (3.2 -3.4 kg). Kodwa, izinsana ezinempilo eningi ezigcwele isikhathi eside zilinganisela noma yikuphi kusuka kwamakhilogremu angu-11 kuya kwamakhilogremu angu-6 (2.6 - 3.8 kg). Isisindo sokuzalwa esiphansi singaphansi kwamakhilogremu angu-2,5 (2.5 kg) ngesikhathi esigcwele, futhi sikhulu kunesilinganiso sokuzalwa kwesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu angu-13 (4.0 kg).
Izinto eziningi zingathinta ukuzalwa komntwana okuzalwa. Zihlanganisa:
- Mangaki amasonto ukukhulelwa kuqhubeka: Amantombazane azalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ajwayelekile, kanti abantwana abazalwa esikhathini esidlule bangaba mkhulu.
- Ukubhema: Omama ababhema bavame ukuba nezingane ezincane.
- Isifo sikashukela sofuzo: Isifo sikashukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa singabangela umntwana okhudlwana kunenani.
- Isimo somsoco : Umsoco omncane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungaholela emntwaneni omncane lapho ukuzuza ngokweqile kungabangela ingane enkulu.
- Umlando womndeni: Ezinye izingane zizalwa ezincane noma ezinkulu, futhi zingase zigijime emndenini.
- Ubulili: Ngokwesilinganiso, izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zamantombazane isisindo esingaphansi kwabafana.
- Ukukhulelwa okuningi: Ingane eyodwa ingase ibe ne-birthweight enkulu kunabantwana abazalwa ngesikhathi esisodwa njengamawele, ama-triplets, noma ngaphezulu.
Phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala zokuphila , kuvamile kokubili izinsana ezisanda kunceliswa ngamabele nokuphuza ibhodlela ukuba zinciphise isisindo. Izingane ezinceliswe ibhodlela zingase zilahlekelwe ngamaphesenti angu-5 wesisindo somzimba wakhe, futhi umntwana osanda kubeletha kuphela angakwazi ukulahlekelwa ngamaphesenti angama-10. Kodwa, kungakapheli amasonto amabili, izinsana eziningi ziphinde zithole konke isisindo ezilahlekile futhi zibuyele esisiswini sokuzalwa.
Isilinganiso Isisindo Sezingane Ngenyanga
Ngenyanga eyodwa, izinsana eziningi zizothola cishe isisindo ngaphezu kwesisindo sabo sokuzalwa. Kule minyaka yobudala, izinsana azifani nokulala , ziqala ukuthuthukisa iphethini yokudla njalo, futhi zinamathela kakhulu ngesikhathi sokudla.
Ngokwesilinganiso, izinsana zizuza cishe ngekhadi elilodwa nyangazonke ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zokuqala.
Khona-ke, phakathi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha nonyaka owodwa, ukuzuza kwesisindo kunciphisa kancane. Iningi lezingane ziphindwe kabili ngesisindo sokuzalwa kwazo ezinyangeni eziyisihlanu kuya kweziyisithupha ubudala futhi ziphindwe kathathu ngesikhathi sinezinyanga ubudala.
Isisindo esiphakathi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha singamakhilogremu angu-73 (ama-7.3 kg) amantombazane kanye namakhilogremu angu-8 (7,9 kg) abafana. Ngonyaka owodwa, isisindo esiphakathi kwengane yentombazane singamakhilogremu angu-8,9 kanye nabafana abanesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-9,6.
Izinto ezithinta isisindo somntwana yizi:
- Ubulili: Abafana bavame ukulinganisa kancane kunamantombazane aneminyaka efanayo ngesikhathi besesana.
- Uhlobo Lokudla: Izinsana ezibelethwe ngamabele angeke zithole isisindo ngokushesha njengezingane ezithatha ifomula.
- Izinga lomsebenzi: Ingane ekhuthele ingase ibe nesisindo esincane.
Amashadi amabili ngezansi abonisa isisindo esiphakathi kwezinsana kusukela ngenyanga eyodwa ngonyaka owodwa ngokususelwa kumashadi e-WHO okukhula. Ithebula elilodwa libafana, kanti elinye lingamantombazane. Ishadi ngalinye libonisa i-percentile yama-50 kanye nobubanzi kusukela ku-3 kuya ku-97th percentile. Lezi ziqeshana zokukhula ziyizinsana ezinempilo, ezigcwele isikhathi eside. Udokotela angasebenzisa amashadi akhethekile okukhula ebantwaneni bangaphambi kwesikhathi, noma abantwana abazalwa ngezidingo ezikhethekile zempilo. Khumbula, lokhu kuyinkomba kuphela. Uma unenkinga yokuthi ingane yakho ithola isisindo esiningi kakhulu noma ayikho , kufanele uxhumane nodokotela.
| Ubudala | I-Perthentile yama-50 | Ibanga - I-Percentile yesithathu kuya ku-97 |
|---|---|---|
| Inyanga eyodwa | 9 lbs 14 oz (4.5 kg) | 7 lbs 8 oz - 12 lbs 9 oz (3.4 - 5.7 kg) |
| Izinyanga ezimbili | 12 lbs 5 oz (5.6 kg) | 9 lbs 11 oz - 15 lbs 7 oz (4.4 - 7.0 kg) |
| Izinyanga ezintathu | 14 lbs (6.4 kg) | 11 lbs 3 oz - 17 lbs 8 oz (5.1 - 7.9 kg) |
| Izinyanga ezingu-4 | 15 lbs 7 oz (7.0 kg) | 12 lbs 6 oz - 18 lbs 15 oz (5.6 - 8.6 kg) |
| Izinyanga ezingu-5 | 16 lbs 9 oz (7.5 kg) | 13 lbs 6 oz - 20 lbs 5 oz (6.1 - 9.2 kg) |
| Izinyanga ezingu-6 | 17 lbs 8 oz (7.9 kg) | 14 lbs 3 oz - 21 lbs 7 oz (6.4 - 9.7 kg) |
| Izinyanga ezingu-7 | 18 lbs 5 oz (8.3 kg) | 14 lbs 14 oz - 22 lbs 6 oz (6.7 - 10.2 kg) |
| Izinyanga ezingu-8 | 19 lbs (8.6 kg) | 15 lbs 7 oz - 23 lbs 2 oz (7.0 - 10.5 kg) |
| Izinyanga ezingu-9 | 19 lbs 10 oz (8.9 kg) | 15 lbs 14 oz - 24 lbs 1 oz (7.2 - 10.9 kg) |
| Izinyanga ezingu-10 | 20 lbs 3 oz (9.2 kg) | 16 lbs 7 oz - 24 lbs 12 oz (7.5 - 11.2 kg) |
| Izinyanga ezingu-11 | 20 lbs 12 oz (9.4 kg) | 16 lbs 14 oz - 25 lbs 7 oz (7.7 - 11.5 kg) |
| Izinyanga ezingu-12 | 21 lbs 3 oz (9.6 kg) | 17 lbs 5 oz - 26 lbs 2 oz (7.8 - 11.8 kg) |
| Ubudala | I-Perthentile yama-50 | Ibanga - I-Percentile yesithathu kuya ku-97 |
|---|---|---|
| Inyanga eyodwa | 9 lbs 4 oz (4.2 kg) | 7 lbs 2 oz - 12 lbs (3.2 - 5.4 kg) |
| Izinyanga ezimbili | 11 lbs 4 oz (5.1 kg) | 8 lbs 13 oz - 14 lbs 6 oz (4.0 - 6.5 kg) |
| Izinyanga ezintathu | 12 lbs 14 oz (5.8 kg | 10 lbs 2 oz - 16 lbs 5 oz (4.6 - 7.4 kg) |
| Izinyanga ezingu-4 | 14 lbs 2 oz (6.4 kg) | 11 lbs 3 oz - 17 lbs 14 oz (5.1 - 8.1 kg) |
| Izinyanga ezingu-5 | 15 lbs 3 oz (6.9 kg) | 12 lbs 1 oz - 19 lbs 3 oz (5.5 - 8.7 kg) |
| Izinyanga ezingu-6 | 16 lbs 2 oz (7.3 kg) | 12 lbs 13 oz - 20 lbs 5 oz (5.8 - 9.2 kg) |
| Izinyanga ezingu-7 | 16 lbs 14 oz (7.6 kg) | 13 lbs 7 oz - 21 lbs 4 oz (6.1 - 9.6 kg) |
| Izinyanga ezingu-8 | 17 lbs 7 oz (7.9 kg) | 13 lbs 14 oz - 22 lbs 2 oz (6.3 - 10.0 kg) |
| Izinyanga ezingu-9 | 18 lbs 2 oz (8.2 kg) | 14 lbs 8 oz - 22 lbs 15 oz (6.6 - 10.4 kg) |
| Izinyanga ezingu-10 | 18 lbs 11 oz (8.5 kg) | 14 lbs 15 oz - 23 lbs 10 oz (6.8 - 10.7 kg) |
| Izinyanga ezingu-11 | 19 lbs 4 oz (8.7 kg) | 15 lbs 5 oz - 24 lbs 5 oz (7.0 - 11.0 kg) |
| Izinyanga ezingu-12 | 19 lbs 10 oz (8.9 kg) | 15 lbs 12 oz - 25 lbs (7.1 - 11.3 kg) |
A
Isilinganiso Ubude Bomntwana (Ubukhulu) Ngenyanga
Ngokuvamile, ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zokuqala, umntwana ukhula cishe nge-intshi eyodwa ngenyanga. Phakathi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha nonyaka owodwa, ihlehlisa kancane cishe cishe 1/2 intshi ngenyanga. Ubude obuphakathi komntwana osezinyangeni eziyisithupha cishe buyizingalo ezingu-26,6 (67.6 cm), kanti intombazane ingamamitha angu-25,7 ububanzi. Ngonyaka owodwa abafana bangama-intshi angu-29,7 / 75, namantombazane angama-intshi angu-74 (74 cm).
Izici ezinquma ukuphakama yizi:
- I-Genetics: Ukuphakama komama wengane, ubaba, kanye namanye amalungu omndeni kunethonya elibaluleke kakhulu ekutheni ingane ide kangakanani.
- Ubulili: Abafana bavame ukude kunamantombazane.
- Ukudla okunomsoco: Ukudla okunempilo kokubili umama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kanye nengane emva kokuzalwa kungaqinisekisa ukuthi umzimba womntwana uthola amavithamini, amaminerali kanye namaprotheni afaneleko amathambo enempilo nokukhula okuhle.
- Iphethini yokulala: Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi izinsana zikhula ngobude ngemva kokulala kanye nezinkathi zokulala.
- Umsebenzi womzimba: Ukunyakaza komzimba nokusebenza komzimba kusiza ukwakha imisipha namathambo aqinile.
- Impilo ephelele: Ukugula okungapheli kanye nezifo ebuntwaneni kungathinta ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa.
Amashadi amabili angezansi abonisa ubude obude noma ukuphakama kwezinsana kusukela ngenyanga eyodwa ngonyaka owodwa ngokusekelwe kumazinga okukhula we-WHO. Ithebula elilodwa libafana, kanti elinye lingamantombazane. Ishadi ngalinye libonisa i-percentile yama-50 kanye nobubanzi kusukela ku-3 kuya ku-97th percentile. Njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngenhla, lezi ziqeshana zokukhula zenzelwe izinsana ezinempilo, ezigcwele isikhathi eside. Nakulokhu, lokhu kuyisithenjwa kuphela. Uma unenkinga ngokukhula kwengane yakho, kufanele uxhumane nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo.
* Amasentimitha azungezwe eduze kwe-intshi engamakhilogremu angu-4.
| Ubudala | I-Perthentile yama-50 | Ibanga - I-Percentile yesithathu kuya ku-97 |
|---|---|---|
| Inyanga eyodwa | 21 1/2 in (54.7 cm) | 20 - 23 ku (51.1 - 58.4 cm) |
| Izinyanga ezimbili | 23 ku (58.4 cm) | 21 1/2 - 24 1/2 in (54.7 - 62.2 cm) |
| Izinyanga ezintathu | 24 1/4 ku (61.4 cm) | 22 1/2 - 25 3/4 ku (57.6 -65.3 cm) |
| Izinyanga ezingu-4 | 25 1/4 ku (63.9 cm) | 23 1/2 - 26 3/4 ku (60.0 - 67.8 cm) |
| Izinyanga ezingu-5 | 26 ku (65.9 cm) | 24 1/2 - 27 1/2 in (61.9 - 69.9 cm) |
| Izinyanga ezingu-6 | 26 1/2 ku (67.6 cm) | 25 - 28 1/4 in (63.6 - 71.6 cm) |
| Izinyanga ezingu-7 | 27 1/4 ku (69.2 cm) | 25 1/2 - 28 3/4 ku (65.1 - 73.2 cm) |
| Izinyanga ezingu-8 | 27 3/4 ku (70.6 cm) | 26 1/4 - 29 1/2 in (66.5 - 74.7 cm) |
| Izinyanga ezingu-9 | 28 1/4 ku (72.0 cm) | 26 3/4 - 30 ku (67.7 - 76.2 cm) |
| Izinyanga ezingu-10 | 28 3/4 ku (73.3 cm) | 27 1/4 - 30 1/2 ku (69.0 - 77.6 cm) |
| Izinyanga ezingu-11 | 29 1/4 ku (74.5 cm) | 27 1/2 - 31 ku (70.2 - 78.9 cm) |
| Izinyanga ezingu-12 | 29 3/4 ku (75.7 cm) | 28 - 31 1/2 ku (71.3 - 80.2 cm) |
| Ubudala | I-Perthentile yama-50 | Ibanga - I-Percentile yesithathu kuya ku-97 |
|---|---|---|
| Inyanga eyodwa | 21 ku (53. 7 cm) | 19 3/4 - 22 3/4 ku (50.0 - 57.4 cm) |
| Izinyanga ezimbili | 22 1/2 ku (57.1 cm) | 20 3/4 - 24. ku (53.2 - 60.9 cm) |
| Izinyanga ezintathu | I-23 1/2 in (59.8 cm) | 22 - 25 ku (55.8 - 63.8 cm) |
| Izinyanga ezingu-4 | 24 1/2 in (62.1 cm) | 22 3/4 - 26 ku (58.0 - 66.2 cm) |
| Izinyanga ezingu-5 | 25 1/4 ku (64.0 cm) | 23 1/2 - 27 ku (59.9 - 68.2 cm) |
| Izinyanga ezingu-6 | 25 3/4 ku (65.7 cm) | 24 1/4 - 27 1/2 in (61.5 - 70.0 cm) |
| Izinyanga ezingu-7 | 26 1/2 ku (67.3 cm) | 24 3/4 - 28 1/4 in (62.9 - 71.6 cm) |
| Izinyanga ezingu-8 | 27 ku (68.7 cm) | 25 1/4 - 28 3/4 ku (64.3 - 73.2 cm) |
| Izinyanga ezingu-9 | 27 1/2 ku (70.1 cm) | 25 3/4 - 29 1/2 in (65.6 - 74.7 cm) |
| Izinyanga ezingu-10 | 28 ku (71.5 cm) | 26 1/4 - 30. ku (66.8 - 76.1 cm) |
| Izinyanga ezingu-11 | 28 1/2 ku (72.8 cm) | 26 3/4 - 30 1/2 ku (68.0 - 77.5 cm) |
| Izinyanga ezingu-12 | 29 ku (74.0 cm) | 27 1/4 - 31. ku (69.2 - 78.9 cm) |
Ukulahlekelwa Isisindo Nokuthola Kubantwana
Nakuba kuvamile ukuba usana olusencane lulahlekelwe isisindo phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala zokuphila, ngemva kwalokho, ukulahlekelwa isisindo noma ukuzuza isisindo esincane kwengane kuwuphawu lwenkinga. Kubantwana ababelethwe ngamabele, kungasho ukuthi ingane ayitholi ngokwanele ubisi lwebele .
Uma kuziwa ekuzuzeni isisindo, izingane ezincelisayo zisencane kakhulu kunezinsana ezisondelene nefomula ukuze zithole isisindo esikhulu kakhulu ngokushesha. Ukubeletha kungasiza ngisho nokuvimbela ukuzuza ngokweqile nokukhuluphala. Kodwa, abantwana abancancisayo bangathola okuningi uma umama enesibisi esiningi ngokweqile lobisi lwebele , ingane isebenzisa umhlengikazi omningi kakhulu, noma ukudla okuqinile kuqale ekuqaleni.
Izitshalo zokukhula kwabantwana
Izinsana azikhuli ngendlela engaguquki. Zinezikhathi lapho zikhula kancane futhi izikhathi lapho zidubula ngokuzumayo. Uma benokukhula okukhulu kokukhula esikhathini esifushane, kubizwa ngokuthi ukukhula okusheshayo . Izitshalo zokukhula zingenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, futhi azilandeli iphethini. Eminye yeminyaka ingane yakho ingase ihlangabezane nokukhula kwesikhashana ibe nezinsuku eziyishumi, amasonto amathathu, amasonto ayisithupha, izinyanga ezintathu, nezinyanga eziyisithupha.
Ngesikhathi nangemva kokukhula kokukhula, umntwana wakho uzodinga ubisi oluningi lwebele. Njengoba ubisi lwebele lwenziwa ngokusekelwe ekunikezeni kanye nokufunwa, ingane yakho izokondla kaningi kulezi zikhathi. Kungase kudingeke ukuthi uncelise ingane yakho ngokulingana nayo yonke ihora noma amabili. Lokhu kwanda ekunceliseni ukutshela umzimba wakho ukwenza ubisi obengeziwe . Ngenhlanhla, lezi zondlo ezihlala njalo zihlala kuphela ngosuku noma ezimbili njengoba ubisi lwakho luguqulela izidingo zomntanakho okhulayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, ingane yakho kufanele ihlehlele phansi ibe yindlela yokudla ejwayelekile.
Izwi elivela ku-Verywell
Izingane ngabanye. Zikhula ngamanani ahlukene. Kunzima ukuqhathanisa ingane eyodwa komunye, ngisho noma bengabafowabo nodadewethu. Uma ubheka ezungeze kwezinye izingane, kungesabeka uma ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho encane kunokuba kufanele ibe noma ibeka okungaphezu kwalokho okufanele ifinyelele eminyakeni yakhe. Ngenhlanhla, kunendlela elula yokunciphisa ukwesaba kwakho futhi uthole ngokuqinisekile uma ingane yakho ikhula njengoba kulindeleke. Kufanele nje ulandele isimiso esivamile sokuvakashelwa kwengane kahle ukuthi umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uyakunikeza.
Udokotela wengane yakho ngumthombo omuhle wolwazi uma kuziwa ekukhuleni kwengane yakho nentuthuko. Udokotela uzolinganisa futhi alinganise ingane yakho njalo lapho umbona. Futhi, uzokwazi ukulandelela ukukhula komntwana wakho kanye nempilo yakho yonke isikhathi. Ngale ndlela, ungaqiniseka ukuthi ingane yakho ikhula ngendlela evamile, enempilo. Futhi, uma kukhona izinkinga noma ukukhathazeka, zingabonwa futhi zigcinwe ngokushesha.
> Imithombo:
> De Onis, M. WHO Izinga lokukhula kwabantwana: ubude / ukuphakama-yobudala, isisindo-yobudala, isisindo-for-ubude, isisindo-for-ukuphakama kanye nomzimba mass index-for-yobudala . WHO. 2006.
> Dubois L, Kyvik KO, Girard M, Tatone-Tokuda F, Pérusse D, Hjelmborg J, Skytthe A, Rasmussen F, Wright MJ, Lichtenstein P, Martin NG. Iminikelo yezobuciko kanye nemvelo ekutheni isisindo, ukuphakama, kanye ne-BMI kusukela ekuzalweni kuya eminyakeni engu-19 ubudala: isifundo samazwe ngamazwe angaphezu kuka-12,000 amawele amabili. PLOS eyodwa. 2012 Feb 8; 7 (2): e30153.
> Lawrence, uRuth A., MD, Lawrence, uRobert M., MD. Ukuncelisa Ukubeletha Umhlahlandlela Wezokwelapha Umsebenzi We-Eighth Edition. I-Elsevier Health Sciences. 2015.
> Isikhungo seNational for Health Statistics. Amazinga okukhula oku-WHO anconywa ukuthi asetshenziswe ukuze asetshenziswe e-US yezinsana nezingane ezineminyaka emi-2 kuya kweyimibili yobudala. Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. 2010.
> Villar J, Ismail LC, Victora CG, Ohuma EO, Bertino E, Altman DG, Lambert A, Papageorghiou AT, Carvalho M, Jaffer YA, Gravett MG. Izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe ngesisindo esisha, ubude, nesikhala esisezintweni ngokweminyaka yobudala kanye nobulili: Isifundo Sokuvuka Kwesisana Sokuqala seProjekthi ye-INTERGROWTH-21. I-Lancet. 2014 Sep 6; 384 (9946): 857-68.