Uma izinto ezibonakala zingenabungozi ezifana nokusikeka okubandayo nokushisa zikhonza i-ayisikhilimu ngokuzumayo zibe yimikhawulo, izwe lingaba yindawo enesabekayo yowesifazane okhulelwe. Abaningi abakwenzayo futhi abangenzi lutho bangakushiya uzizwe uqaphele ngakho konke okufaka emzimbeni wakho-kubandakanya ukugoma. Kodwa njengamavithamini asebeletha nokuzivocavoca , imishanguzo yingxenye ebalulekile yokukhulelwa okuphephile.
Imishanguzo ephakanyisiwe
Kunconywa imishanguzo emibili kwabesifazane abakhulelwe ngesikhathi ngasinye sokukhulelwa: ukuguquka komkhuhlane kanye ne-Tdap. Kokubili kubalulekile ukugcina impilo yomama ngesikhathi nangemva kokukhulelwa kodwa nokuvikela impilo yengane esibelethweni naphakathi nalezo zinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala zokuphila.
I-Flu Shot
Abantu abaphakathi kuka-12 000 kuya ku-56,000 e-United States bafa ngenxa yempukane minyaka yonke-ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezinye izifo ezivimbela ukugoma ezihlangene-futhi abesifazane abakhulelwe basengozini enkulu. Ngenxa yendlela indlela umzimba womuntu uguquka ngayo phakathi nalawo maviki angu-40 abalulekile, ukukhulelwa kukushiya ukwehla kakhulu ekutheleleni amagciwane avela kumkhuhlane, futhi uma ugula, kungenzeka ukuthi ungene esibhedlela noma ufe ngenxa yalokho.
Ngenkathi kunezindlela eziningana ongazivikela ekuguleni ngenkathi ukhulelwe-njengokuhlanza izandla njalo nokudla okunempilo-indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela emkhuhlane iwukugoma.
Isikhathi esihle sokuthola ukuguquka komkhuhlane sisekuqaleni kokuwa ngaphambi kokuba inkathi yempukane iguqulwe ngokugcwele, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuphi ukukhulelwa kwakho.
Ukuthola umkhuhlane wadutshulwa ngesikhathi ukhulelwe futhi kuvikela izingane ezisanda kuzalwa. Izinsana azitholi umthamo wazo wokuqala wokugoma komkhuhlane kuze kube yilapho okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, basengozini yokutheleleka okukhulu.
Amantombazane omama abo abagonywe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kodwa-ke, amathuba okuba angene esibhedlela ngenxa yomkhuhlane phakathi nezinyanga eziyisithupha zokuqala zokuphila. Ukuzivikela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kunciphise amathuba okudlulisela igciwane kumntanakho, kepha ingane yakho nayo ithola ukuzivikela okungahleliwe kuwe ngenkathi isesibelethweni, esizobasiza ukuba balwe negciwane uma bevezwa phakathi nezinyanga zabo zokuqala ezimbalwa.
I-Tdap Vaccine
Kuyafana nalokho i-Tdap-noma i-tetanus, i-diphtheria, ne-acellular pertussis -vaccine. Ngenkathi i-pertussis kubantu abadala ivame kakhulu kakhulu, i-pertussis ezinsaneni ingaba yinkimbinkimbi. Izingane azizitholi umthamo wazo wokuqala wokugoma i-pertussis kuze kube nezinyanga ezimbili ubudala, kodwa lawo maviki ayisishiyagalombili okuqala kuyisikhathi esengozini yezingane ezisanda kuzalwa, ikakhulukazi uma zitheleleke nge-pertussis. Cishe isigamu sezinsana ezingaphansi konyaka owodwa nge-pertussis sezibhedlela, futhi cishe abangaba ngu-20 bafa ngonyaka ngamunye ngenxa yesifo-abaningi baneminyaka engaphansi kwezinyanga ezintathu. Abesifazane abakhulelwe abathola i-Tdap ngesikhathi se-trimester yesithathu badlulisela ama-antibodies ezivikelayo ezinganeni zabo esibelethweni, futhi lezo zinqamuzana zisiza ukuvikela izinsana kuze kube yilapho zingaqala uchungechunge lwegciwane le-pertussis ngokwabo.
Ezinye izitofu
Ezinye izigomo zingase zinconywe uma uhlose ukuhamba ngaphandle kwe-United States ngesikhathi ukhulelwe, noma uma unezici ezithile eziyingozi.
Abomama abanezifo ezingapheli bangakhuthazwa ukuthola umuthi wokugoma we-Hepatitis A, isibonelo, ngenkathi abanye behlela ukuhamba kwezinye izingxenye ze-Afrika bangadinga ukugonywa ngezifo ze-meningococcal.
Akuyona yonke imithi yokuhamba eye yaboniswa ukuthi iphephile kubesifazane abakhulelwe, noma kunjalo, yingakho kubalulekile ukukhuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo noma uvakashele umtholampilo wokuhamba ngaphambi kokuthola imishanguzo.
Ubufakazi bokuphepha
Ayikho igciwane-noma yimuphi umkhiqizo wezokwelapha-iphephile ngamaphesenti angu-100. Kodwa imiphumela emibi ekugonyeni ivame ukuba yindlala futhi yesikhashana, futhi imiphumela enzima njengendlela enamandla yokwelapha isifo esingajwayelekile.
Umbuzo obalulekile owawufunwa yilabo abenza isimiso sokugoma kungukuthi umhlomulo wokugoma ungaphezu kwanoma yiziphi izingozi ezaziwayo. Futhi unikezwe izingozi ezinkulu ezihambisana nezifo ezinjengomkhuhlane kanye ne-pertussis, ucwaningo lwenze icala eliqinile lokugoma komama.
Ucwaningo olulodwa emaphephandabeni I-Vaccine yabe ikhuluma ngezihloko lapho abacwaningi bethola ukuxhumana okukhona phakathi komuthi wokugoma nokukhulelwa komzimba , okwenza kube nokukhathazeka phakathi kwabesifazane abakhulelwe mayelana nokuthi kufanele yini bagonywe ngokubhebhetheka komkhuhlane. Ngenkathi lokhu kuyaqondakala kahle, amaCentral for Disease Control and Prevention-owathola imali ngokucwaninga-esheshayo ukukhomba ukuthi abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele baqhubeke begonywa ukugula. Lolu cwaningo aluzange lucacise ukuthi lo mgomo uholele ukukhulelwa kwesisu, kuphela ukuthi abesifazane abaphuthelwe kabi baye bafumana umgomo wokugoma emkhathini wezikhathi zonyaka wezi-2010/2011 no-2011-2012.
Izinto eziningi zingaholela ekulahlekelweni kokukhulelwa, kanti ngenkathi imiphumela ngokuqinisekile iqinisekisa ukuthi uphenyo oluqhubekayo, ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka. Ucwaningo ngokwalo luyinto engaphandle, njengoba izifundo eziningana zangaphambili zibonisa ukuthi umgomo wokugoma uphephile uma unikezwa kwabesifazane abakhulelwe futhi usebenza ekuvimbeleni umkhuhlane.
Ukuphepha komuthi wokugoma we-Tdap ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kuye kwabhalwa kahle, futhi izifundo zibonisa ukuthi ziphephile futhi ziphumelelayo ekuvikeleni umama nengane kusuka ku-pertussis. Njengomuthi wokugoma, imithelela emibi kakhulu iyisandla soreness, ukukhathala nomkhuhlane. Ukusabela okukhulu kwe-allergenic emtholampilo akuvamile, ikakhulu kubantu abadala.
Kokubili ukukhulelwa komkhuhlane kanye nokugonywa kwe-Tdap kunganikezwa ngokuphepha ngesikhathi esisodwa noma ekuvakasheni okuhlukene, futhi akunandaba ukuthi usanda kuthola kanjani ukudubula kwe-tetanus.
Ezinye izinkundla ze-intanethi namawebhusayithi athumele ulwazi oludukisayo noma olungalungile mayelana nezithako emigomeni, okuholela abanye omama ukuba bakhathazeke ngokuphepha kwabo-ngokukhethekile, ukuxuba isithandwa se-thimerosal, okuyi-compound ene-ethylmercury ngezinye izikhathi esetshenziselwa ukugcina imishanguzo iphephile ekungcoleni. Imithi encane kakhulu isebenzisa le nxenye, futhi ukucwaninga ngomphumela wayo akubonisi ubufakazi bokulimaza futhi akukho ukwanda kwengozi yengane ye-autism. Uma ungathanda ukugwema isifo se-thimerosal, noma kunjalo, kunezinguqulo zamahhala zomuthi we-flumer etholakalayo, futhi ayisetshenziswanga ekudalweni komgomo we-Tdap.
Imithi Yokugwema
Ngenkathi imithi ingaba nenzuzo, amanye kufanele agwenywe-uma kungenzeka-ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Imishanguzo esebenzayo iphila kepha iyancipha amagciwane, isibonelo, njengeMMR noma imithi yokukhukhuka, ithwala ingozi enganeni, ngakho-ke akufanele inikezwe kwabesifazane abakhulelwe.
Uma ugonywa ngenye yale migomo ngaphambi kokuba ufunde ukhulelwe, ungesabi. Isiphakamiso sokuzigwema ngokuyinhloko nje isilondolozo. Ucwaningo olubheke abesifazane abangeke bahlolelwe imithi yokuphila ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa abazange bathole ubufakazi bokulimaza ezinganeni.
Ngisho noma ungafanele ugonywe ngalezi zifo ngesikhathi ukhulelwe, ungasenwa igciwane futhi ubhekene nezinkinga ezinkulu njengomphumela. Uma uhlela ukukhulelwa-kodwa ungakhulelwa okwamanje-qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo mayelana nokuthi yimiphi imigomo okufanele uyenze ngaphambili ukuze uvikeleke phakathi nokukhulelwa kwakho. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekugonyeni kwe-rubella, njengoba ukutheleleka kwe-rubella ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungabangela ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa nokukhulelwa kwesisu.
Imishanguzo Yabangane Nomndeni
Ukulindela omama akuzona kuphela okufanele zigonywe. Abanye abanakekeli, izingane zakubo, ogogo nomkhulu, nanoma ubani omunye ozoxhumana nengane ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala zokuphila kufanele futhi abuyele ngokugcwele uphethiloli kuyo yonke imithi-kubandakanya ukugujwa komkhuhlane waminyaka yonke. Uma kunokwenzeka, izivakashi kufanele zithole imithi yabo okungenani amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuhlangana nomntwana ukuze babe nesikhathi sokuthuthukisa ukuvikeleka okwanele ngezifo.
Ukucela abathandekayo ukuba bagonywe kungaba nzima, ikakhulukazi uma bezwakalisa ukungabaza ngokugoma esikhathini esidlule. Izinsiza zitholakala kumaqembu okukhuthaza abazali abanjengamazwi e-Vaccines ukukusiza ukukuqondisa ngxoxo uma uhlangabezana noma ulindele ukubuyela emuva. Ngenkathi ithemba lokubhekana nalo lingase livelele, kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokugcina ingane yakho iphephile ngangokunokwenzeka, njengoba izifo eziningi-kuhlanganise umkhuhlane kanye nemasimoni-zingasakazeka ngisho noma izimpawu zincane noma zingekho. Akuwona wonke ama-vaccine aphumelelayo ngamaphesenti angu-100, yingakho wonke umuntu ongagonywa ngokuphepha kufanele agonywe.
Izwi elivela ku- Verywell
Ukuthola igciwane ngesikhathi ukhulelwe kuyindlela ebalulekile yokuvikela impilo yakho kanye nempilo yengane yakho ekhulayo. Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka mayelana nemiphumela emibi yokugoma noma izingozi ngesikhathi ukhulelwe, khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo.
> Imithombo:
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. Imihlahlandlela Yokugoma Abesifazane abakhulelwe.
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. Umkhuhlane we-Flu Ukuphepha nokukhulelwa.
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. Imithi Yokubeletha: Ingxenye Yokukhulelwa Okunempilo.
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. Ukunconywa okusetshenzisiwe kokusetshenziswa kwe-tetanus toxoid, ukunciphisa i-diphtheria toxoid kanye ne-acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) kwabesifazane abakhulelwe nabantu abanethemba lokuxhumana nocansi osukhulile <
> Grohskopf LA, Sokolow LZ, Broder KR, et al. Ukuvimbela Nokulawulwa Kwesifo Sokukhulelwa Kwamanye Nonyaka Ngezinsana: Izincomo zeKomidi Elilulekayo Izenzo Zokugoma - I-United States, 2017-18 Isifo Sengqungquthela Isikhathi. Incomo ye-MMWR I-Rep 2017; 66 (Cha. RR-2): 1-20.