Ukuhlolwa kwe-dyslexia kanjani? Yiziphi izivivinyo ezidingekayo futhi yini okufanele uyazi ukuze ingane yakho ifanelekele emisebenzini ekhethekile yemfundo?
Sibutsetelo
I-Dyslexia ingenye yezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezinkinga zokufunda. Isikhathi esibanzi, ukukhubazeka kokufunda ekufundeni , kuhlanganisa i-Dyslexia nezinye izinkinga zokufunda eziqondile. Kungenzeka ukuthi umfundi abe nezibonakaliso ze-Dyslexia ezinenkinga kodwa zingakhubaza-noma zibe nezimpawu ezenza ukufunda nokubhala kungeke kwenzeke.
Izimpawu
Izimpawu zeDyslexia zihlukahlukene futhi zingabandakanya:
- Ukubona izinhlamvu emuva
- Ukubona amagama nezinhlamvu zigxuma ezungeze ekhasini
- Ukungakwazi ukuhlukanisa izinhlamvu ezifanayo komunye nomunye (d kusuka ku-b, isibonelo)
- Ukuhluleka ukuxhuma izinhlamvu ezibhaliwe noma izinhlanganisela zencwadi nemisindo yazo ehambisanayo
- Ukukwazi ukufunda amagama kodwa ungakwazi ukuqonda amagama njengoba efundwa
Dysgraphia
Ukugula okuhlobene, i- dysgraphia , kuhilela ukungakwazi ukubhala amagama, ukungakwazi ukuqonda ubuhlobo phakathi kwamagama akhulunywe kanye nezincwadi ezibhaliwe, noma ukuthambekela kokubhala izincwadi ngokungalungile. Abantu abane-dysgraphia bangase bangaba dyslexic noma kungenzeka. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-dysgraphia: i-dyslexic dysgraphia, i-motor dysgraphia, ne-dysgraphia yendawo. Nge-dyslexic dysgraphia, umbhalo oqoshiwe owenziwe ngokuzenzakalelayo awukho emthethweni kodwa ukukopisha umbhalo kujwayelekile.
Ukuxilongwa
I-Dyslexia iyatholakala ukuthi isebenzisa ukuhlolwa okuphelele okuhlanganisiwe.
Lokhu kuhlanganisa:
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Intelligence: Ukuhlolwa kobuhlakani kuyisimo esibalulekile esinikeza isizinda jikelele sokufunda esingasiza ukuhlukanisa i-Dyslexia kwezinye izimo.
Ukuhlola kwezemfundo: Ukuhlolwa okuphumelelayo okuphumelelayo kungenye indlela ebalulekile yokuqhubeka nokuchaza ingane yakho yokufunda.
Ukukhuluma nokuhlolwa kolimi: Kunezici eziningana zenkulumo nolwimi oluhlolwe ekuxilongweni kweDyslexia. Lokhu kungafaka:
- Amakhono olimi ngomlomo
- Ukuqashelwa kwezwi
- Ukumisa kabusha
- Ukupela
- Ukuqonda
- Ulwazi lwesilulumagama
- Ukuqonda ukufunda
- Ukusetshenzwa kwe-phonologic noma ukuhumusha "imisindo" ngolimi
Ukwaziswa okubalulekile okwenziwe ekwenzeni ukuxilongwa kuhlanganisa:
- Ukubheka komntwana osebenza ngolwimi
- Ukufaka kusuka othisha
- Ukufaka kusuka kubazali
- Ukuhlaziywa komsebenzi wabafundi
- Umlando wokuthuthukiswa, ikakhulukazi ukuhlolwa kwanoma yikuphi ukulibaziseka kokuthuthukiswa
- Umlando wezenhlalakahle kuhlanganise nesimo sokuphila, abazali, izingane zakubo, nezinye izinto.
Phakathi nenqubo yokuhlola, abahloli bafuna ubufakazi benkinga futhi baphinde baphathe ezinye izici ezingabangela izinkinga zokufunda nezilimi zomfundi. Izinto okumele zikhishwe zihlanganisa:
- Ukungabi nemfundo
- Ukungabi khona kwezizathu nganoma yisiphi isizathu njengokugula noma ngenxa yesikole esikoleni
- Izimo zenhlalo nezomnotho
- Izinkinga zomzimba ezifana nobunzima bokuzwa noma ubunzima bombono.
Izingane Zine-Dyslexia Zifaneleka Kwezidingo Ezikhethekile Zimfuno?
Ukuze uhlangabezane neziqondiso zikahulumeni ukuze ufanelekele ukuthola imfundo ekhethekile, umfundi onesifo seDyslexia kumele ahlangabezane nezidingo zokufaneleka ngokusekelwe emibhalweni ebekwe ngumnyango wezemfundo kahulumeni.
Ukufaneleka kungathathwa ngokusekelwe kwesinye sezindlela ezilandelayo:
Indlela Yokuqonda Yokuphumelela / Ukuphumelela
Le ndlela yokungafani / ukuphumelela indlela idinga ukuba umfundi ahlangabezane nalezi zindlela ezilandelayo ukucacisa ukufaneleka:
- Isibalo sokuhlolwa kobuhlakani kuhla lokuphakathi noma ngaphezulu
- Iziqephu zokufunda noku / noma ukuhlolwa kolimi olubhalwe phansi okungaphansi kwezinombolo zabo zokuhlola ezihlakaniphile
- Azikho ezinye izimbangela zokuhluleka kwesikole ziyisici
I-Response to Intervention Method
Impendulo Yokungenelela yindlela yokunquma izinga lokukhubazeka futhi yatholwa ngo-2004 Ukugunyazwa Kwabantu Abanempilo Yokukhubazeka (IDEA).
Ukuze unqume ukuthi ngabe le ndlela isetshenziswe yini yisimo sakho, xhumana nomnyango wezemfundo womnyango wezemfundo ngezinhlelo ezikhethekile zemfundo. Izinyathelo ezicacile ezidingwa yilo ndlela zingashintsha kusuka kuhulumeni ukuya kuhulumeni, kodwa ngokuyinhloko, kuhilela amazinga amathathu okungenelela kanye nokuhlonza:
Izinga I: Umfundi uvezwe emfundisweni efanele ekufundeni nasekubhaleni. Uma eqhubeka ezwa ubunzima, uya ezingeni elilandelayo lokungenelela.
I-Level II: Umfundi uthola ukungenelela okungavamile. Uma eqhubeka enenkinga, uqhubeka eya ezingeni elilandelayo lokungenelela.
I-Level III: Leli zinga lizoqala ukufakwa ohlelweni lwemfundo ekhethekile.
Impendulo yendlela yokungenelela yenzelwe ukusiza izingane eziwela ekuqhekekeni-labo abanenkinga yokufunda engafinyeleleki kodwa abangenalo ngokwanele ukuze bakwazi ukuthola imfundo ekhethekile.
Ukubhekisela Ingane Yakho Yokuhlola
Uma ukholelwa ukuthi ingane yakho ingase iphile ne-Dyslexia, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuthola ukuthola ukuhlolwa .
Imithombo:
ULyytinen, H., Erskine, J., Hamalainen, J., Torppa, M., noMn. Ronimus. I-Dyslexia-Ukutholakala Kokuqala Nokuvimbela: Amaphuzu avelele e-Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Dyslexia. Imibiko yamanje yokukhathazeka okuthuthukiswayo . 2015. 2 (4): 330-338.