Iqiniso Lokuhlola Hlola Izicelo Ezijwayelekile Zokuthutha Ukuzihlukanisa
Abantu bathi izinto eziningi mayelana nokuthi yini eyenza futhi ayibangeli ukukhipha imishado, futhi eziningi zazo zingadideka. Ngisho nodokotela bahluka emibono yabo ngalokho abakucabangela iqiniso nokuthi yini abacabangela izinkolelo zezwe uma kuziwa ezimbangela zokukhulelwa kwesisu. Isibonelo, udokotela oyedwa angakutshela ukuthi ukucindezeleka kungabangela ukuhlukunyezwa, kanti omunye angase athi lokhu kuyindabakwane.
Iqiniso ngokuvamile endaweni ethile phakathi. Lokhu okulandelayo yizicelo ezivamile ezikhona lapho mayelana nokukhulelwa kwesisu okubangelwa yizimbangela kanye nezinkinga eziyingozi. Ngaphambi kokuba uqalise, kungasiza ekufundeni umehluko phakathi kwesizathu nesici esiyingozi uma kuziwa ekukhulelweni komzimba.
Isimangalo: Izikhathi Zokubonisa Ividiyo Ngenxa Yemikhawulo
Iqiniso: Kwakukhona isifundo esisodwa kuma-1980 esathola ingozi eyengeziwe yokukhulelwa kwesisu kwabesifazane abasebenzisa i-video display terminals isikhathi esiningi njalo . Kodwa ucwaningo olulandelayo alutholanga ukuxhumana phakathi kwama-terminal display displays kanye nokukhulelwa kwesisu.
Kuye kwaphawula ukuthi kunemiphumela engaba khona yezinto eziphilayo ezihambisana nezinsizakalo zikamasipala eziphakamisa ukukhathazeka ngendima yabo ekukhulelweni kokuphuphuma komzimba, kodwa ukungabi nalwazi ngesikhathi samanje akudalula noma iyiphi isixhumanisi esicacile se-causal.
Isimangalo: Ukukhipha Isisu Okukhethwayo Kukhulisa Ingozi Yokuthatha Isisu
Iqiniso: Kungase kube khona okusanhlamvu kweqiniso ukuthi isimangalo sokukhipha isisu sandisa ingozi yokukhulelwa kwesisu . Kunezifundo ezitholile ingozi eyengeziwe yokwehlukaniswa komzimba kwabesifazane abaqede ukukhulelwa. Kodwa ubufakazi buxubene, kanti noma yikuphi ukukhula okungaba khona kwezemvelo kungahle kube kuphela kwabesifazane abakhipha isisu nge- D & C (ukukhipha isisu okukhethayo.)
Ucwaningo oluningi olwanyatheliswa eNew England Journal of Medicine lwathola ukuthi ukukhipha isisu sokwelashwa okhethekile (isisu esitholakale ngokusebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwemithi esikhundleni sokuhlinzwa) sasingenakulinganiswa nanoma yimuphi ubungozi bokukhulelwa kwesisu okulandelayo.
Isimangalo: Ukucindezeleka Kubangela Ukungahambi kahle
Iqiniso: Kunobunye ubufakazi bokuthi ukucindezeleka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungakhulisa ingozi yokukhulelwa kwesisu . Kuye kwaba nezifundo eziningana eminyakeni yamuva eyathola ubufakazi bokuxhumana phakathi kokucindezeleka nokukhulelwa komzimba noma ukuzalwa komzimba, nakuba ubufakazi abukhombisi ukuthi ukucindezeleka yilokho okwabangela ukukhubazeka kulezo zimo.
Kunzima kakhulu ukuhlola indima yokucindezeleka ekutheni imithwalo yokukhubazeka, kanti ngenkathi uphenyo oluningi luye lwaphenya lobu buhlobo, impendulo ayisaziwa. Kubonakala sengathi iningi labantu lizokutshela ukuthi banenkinga ekuphileni kwabo. Kungenzeka ukuthi ukucindezeleka okungavamile noma okungapheli kungase kubaluleke nakakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi sonke siyakucindezela ngokuhlukile. Isibonelo, umuntu oyedwa angase azizwe "egxilile kakhulu" ngokucindezeleka okuncane, kuyilapho omunye engase abe nomuzwa wokuthi "ugxilile ngokweqile" uma ebhekene nezingqinamba ezinkulu.
Lokho kusho ukuthi kunobunye ubufakazi obuphilayo obhekisela endimeni yokucindezeleka ekukhulelweni kwesisu. Ukucindezeleka kuholela ekukhululweni "kwama-hormone okucindezeleka" afana ne-cortisol emzimbeni. Amazinga e-cortisol ephakanyisiwe nawo, ahlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yokwehlukaniswa kwesisu kwezinye izifundo. Uma sicabanga ngezifundo zabantu, ukucindezeleka okuvamile akuzange kuvame ukuhambisana nengozi yokukhulelwa kwesisu, kodwa "ukucindezeleka okukhulu," njengokuncipha kwezomnotho eDenmark kwahlanganiswa nengozi enkulu yokukhulelwa kwesisu. Olunye lwezifundo olunzulu kakhulu kuze kube manje olushicilelwe ngo-2017 luthi ukucindezeleka kwandisa ingozi yokukhulelwa kwesisu ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-42.
Ngokuqinisekile, akusizi kahle ukugcizelela, noma kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kudlala yini indima ekukhulelweni kwesisu. Thatha isikhashana ukufunda ngokuphathwa kokucindezeleka nokuthi yini ongayenza ukuze unciphise ukucindezeleka empilweni yakho namuhla.
Isimangalo: Ukuthatha i-Aspirin ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kubangelwa ukushada
Iqiniso: Kukhona ubufakazi bokuthi ukuthatha i- aspirin ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungabangela ingozi yokukhulelwa kwesisu . Ngakolunye uhlangothi, odokotela abathile bayalandisa ngisho ne- aspirin ephansi njengengxenye yokwelapha okukhipha isisu okuphindaphindiwe.
Kulabo besifazane abanokukhubazeka okuphindaphindiwe ngenxa ye- antiphospholipid syndrome , uhlobo lwe-clotting disorder, i - aspirin ye -dose ephansi inganciphisa ingozi yokukhulelwa kwesisu. Kulabo besifazane abangenayo imfucuza ephindaphindiwe, noma kunjalo, ukusebenzisa i-aspirin ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kokuqala kuye kwaxhunyaniswa nengozi yokukhulelwa kwesisu kwezinye izifundo.
Ngokuphambene ne-aspirin, ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezingezona isifo sokuvuvukala (i-NSAIDS) njenge-Advil (ibuprofen) ne-Aleve (naproxen) kubonakala sengathi yandisa ngokucacile ingozi yokukhulelwa kwangaphambili.
Isimangalo: Amaphilisi Okulawula Ukubeletha Angabangela Ukuthatha Isisu
Iqiniso: Nakuba ukuthatha amaphilisi amaningi okulawula ukubeletha phakathi kwezinsuku ezimbalwa zokulala nomzimba kungasebenza njengokukhulelwa okuphuthumayo, abukho ubufakazi bokuthi amaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha ayobangela ukukhulelwa kwesisu ekukhulelweni okuqinile noma ukuthi amaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha ayokwandisa ingozi yekusasa ukukhulelwa kwesisu.
Isimangalo: Uma Uthola Ukukhulelwa Ngesikhathi Usengumhlengikazi, Kufanele Unakekele
Iqiniso: Abukho ubufakazi bokuthi ukubeletha ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kubangela ukukhulelwa kwesisu noma noma yimuphi umonakalo kumntwana osakhulayo. AmaMama afuna ukuqhubeka nokubeletha angakwenza lokho ngaphandle kokukhathazeka.
Isimangalo: Ukuzivocavoca okunzima akuphephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
Iqiniso: Akekho owazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi ukuzivocavoca okunamandla kunokwandisa ingozi yokukhulelwa kwesisu futhi iningi labasebenzi bezinkinga zesifo sokubeletha lincoma ukuvivinya umzimba ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Kwakukhona isifundo esikhulu ngo-2007 esibonisa ukuthi abesifazane ababandakanyeka ekuzivocavoca okunamandla kwakungenzeka ukuthi babe nokuhlukumeza, kepha kuye kwaba nezinye izifundo eziningi ezingatholanga ukuxhumana phakathi kokuzivocavoca nokukhulelwa komzimba.
Ukuzivocavoca okulula nokulinganisela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa cishe kuyasiza. Abanye odokotela bacebisa ukugcina izinga lakho lenhliziyo ngaphansi kwama-140 beats ngomzuzu ukuze ube ohlangothini oluphephile.
Isimangalo: Ukuthatha ibhuloho elishisayo kungabangela ukususwa
Iqiniso: Ukusetshenziswa kwesibhabhaka esishisayo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungandisa ingozi yokukhulelwa kwesisu ngokuya kwesifundo se-2003. Kuleyo ngcaphuno ingozi yokukhulelwa kwesisu yaphindwe kabili ngokwesilinganiso sokuqala kokuqala kwesithathu sokushisa okushisayo, futhi yanda ngokwengeziwe ngamavaysi amaningi okusetshenziswa.
Inkinga ngama-tubs ashisayo (noma okugeza okushisayo) ahlobene nokushisa komzimba okwandisiwe jikelele kunokugcwala isisu sakho. Ukuvumela izinga lokushisa lomzimba wakho ukuba liphakeme kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa liye laxhunyaniswa neziphambeko ze-neural tube futhi alukhuthazwa.
Kulabo abafisa ukuchitha isikhathi esithile ebhakheni elishisayo noma ebhukuda lokushisa, inhlangano yaseMelika Yokukhulelwa ikhuthaza ukuthi ungavumeli ukushisa komzimba wakho kudlula ama-degree degrees F, ukuhlela ibhuloho lakho elishisayo ekushiseni okuphansi, futhi ungasebenzisi isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu engu-10 emgodini.
Isimangalo: Akufanele udle ushizi noma udle ukudla uma ukhulelwe
Iqiniso: Lesi simangalo sokuthi kufanele ugweme ushizi noma inyama yokudla ngenkathi ukhulelwe iqinisile. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi ungase uthuthukise ukudla kwesifo ngenkathi ukhulelwe, kodwa ezinye zezinto eziphilayo ezibangelwa uketshezi kokudla zihlobene nengozi yokukhulelwa kwesisu . Lokhu kufaka:
- Listeria
- I-Salmonella
- E. coli
- I-Toxoplasmosis
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi akudingeki ugweme wonke ushizi noma inyama yokudla ngesikhathi ukhulelwe. Amacala amaningi okudla okubangelwa ukukhulelwa kwesisu ahlotshaniswa nemikhiqizo yobisi (njengezinyosi ezithambile) ezingakaze zenziwe, ukudla okungazange kuphekwe ngokuphelele, noma imifino engakaze igeze.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokudla ukugwema ukunciphisa ingozi yokukhulelwa kwesisu .
Isimangalo: Ukuba Nocansi Phakathi Nokukhulelwa Kungabangela Ukuthatha Isisu
Iqiniso: Abukho ubufakazi bokuthi ubulili ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kubangela ingozi yokukhulelwa kwesisu. Ubulili abubonakali nokuthi bukwazi ukuqala umsebenzi kubantu besifazane abanokukhulelwa okugcwele, ngakho-ke akufanele neze ukhathazeke nge-orgasms noma iziphazamiso ze-uterine ezibangela ukukhulelwa kwesisu.
Kunezinto ezimbalwa ezihlukile, kodwa, njengabesifazane abanesimo esibizwa nge- placenta previa nalabo abanakho ukutholakala komlomo wesibeletho.
Isimangalo: Uma Ungalindeli Ukuzama Futhi, Ubungozi Okwengeziwe Ukuthutha
Iqiniso: Kukhona njalo ingozi yokukhulelwa kwesisu nganoma yikuphi ukukhulelwa, kodwa abukho ubufakazi obubalulekile bokuthi udinga ukulinda noma yisiphi isikhathi esinqunyiwe emva kokukhulelwa kwesisu sokuqala ngaphambi kokuba uzame futhi. Esikhathini esidlule kwakuvame ukuphakanyiswa ukuthi abantu balinde izinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuzama futhi. Esinye sezizathu ezivela kule ncomo ukuthi kwakunzima ukubikezela usuku lokuzalwa olulindelekile. Ngokufika kwe-ultrasound yokuqala lokhu akuvamile ukukhathazeka namuhla.
Odokotela bangase bacebise ukulinda ngezizathu ezahlukene zabesifazane ngabanye, noma kunjalo, hlola nodokotela wakho. Isibonelo, uma owesifazane enesisu esisodwa esihlobene nesimo sezokwelapha ezifana nesifo sikashukela esingalawulwa, kubalulekile ukuzinzisa isimo sezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuzama futhi.
Ukutadisha kwasekudala futhi kwaphakamisa izinga eliphakeme lokukhulelwa kwesisu lapho abesifazane bekhulelwe ngokushesha ngemva kokukhulelwa okuthinteka yi-neural tube defect, kodwa lokhu kungahle kuhlobene namazinga aphansi e-folic acid ngaphambi kokukhulelwa okuqhubekayo okuqhubeka nokukhulelwa kwesibili.
Isimangalo: I-Progesterone Cream Ingavimbela Ukukhipha Isisu
Iqiniso: Ungagijimi futhi uthenge ukhilimu okwamanje. Abanye odokotela bakholelwa ukuthi izithako ze-progesterone zingasiza abesifazane ukuba baphucwe kabi ngamaphutha kodwa lokhu kungavumelani futhi akukho bufakazi obuqinile bokuthi ama-supplements asiza ngaphandle kwabesifazane abaphila ngaphansi kwe-in vitro fertilization kanye ne-subset encane yabesifazane abanokukhubazeka okuphindaphindiwe. Ngokuqondene nama-progesterone ama-crams , i-dosage iyahlukahluka kakhulu futhi amanye ama-creams ayinawo noma iyiphi i-progesterone esebenzayo. Kungcono ukuthola udokotela ozimisele ukunikeza izithako uma ufuna ukusebenzisa i-progesterone ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Isimangalo: I-Bicornuate Isibeletho Kubangelwa Ukuhlukumezeka
Iqiniso: Isibeletho sokuqhakaziza singasho ukuthi usengozini enkulu yokusebenza komuntu, kodwa abukho ubufakazi bokuthi kukhulisa ingozi yokukhulelwa kwesisu. Kodwa-ke, i- septum ye-uterine ingasho ukuthi yanda ingozi yokukhulelwa kwesisu, futhi lezi zinkinga ezimbili zibukeka zifana nokuhlolwa kwe-imaging.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinyosi ezibelethwayo nezingozi zokuphuphuma komzimba .
Isimangalo: Ukuba I-Hit In the Isibeletho Kungabangela Ukushada Isisu
Iqiniso: Ukuhlukunyezwa okuncane okufana nokuwa, ukushaywa esiswini, nokuba ne-fender bender akumele kubangele ukukhulelwa kwesisu kokuqala , kodwa kungabangela ukuphazamiseka kwamapayipi emzimbeni wesibili noma wesithathu futhi kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kokukhulelwa kwesikhathi eside.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuhlukumezeka okukhulu, njengengozi yemoto noma ukuwa okukhulu kungandisa kakhulu ingozi yokukhulelwa kwesisu. Ingozi yokuwa noma ukuhlukunyezwa kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lukhulu kakhulu kamuva ekukhulelwe.
Isimangalo: Ukugibela i-Roller Coaster Kungabangela Ukuthatha Isisu
Iqiniso: Akekho oye wacwaninga ukuphepha kwezigqoko zokugqoka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa , noma umphumela wendawo yokupaka yokuzijabulisa. Kunobungozi bokuthi ukuxosha kungabangela ukuphazamiseka kwamapayipi kamuva lapho ukhulelwe, kanti nakuba ukugibela i-roller coaster ekukhuleleni kakhulu kakhulu kungenzeka ukuthi ngeke kubangele izinkinga, akekho owazi ngempela ukuthi iphuzu lokunqunywa liphilile ngokumelene nokuyingozi. Ngenxa yokungaqiniseki ngomphumela wama-roller coasters ekukhulelwe, i-American Pregnancy Association itusa ukugwema lezi zigibeli kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlala kude kangakanani nokukhulelwa kwakho.
Isimangalo: Ukukhuluphala Kwenyusa Ingozi Yokuthatha Isisu
Iqiniso: Ukukhuluphala kubonakala sengathi kwandisa ingozi yokukhulelwa kwesisu , kodwa ubuhlobo phakathi kwesisindo somzimba nokukhulelwa kwesisu akukaqondakali kahle. Nakuba ukukhuluphala kuhlanganiswa nokuphuphuma kwesisu nokulahlekelwa kwesisu okuphindaphindiwe, akukwazi ukuthi ukukhuluphala ngokweqile empeleni kuyimbangela yokukhulelwa kwesisu.
Isimangalo: Ukuthola Isiguli Ngesikhathi Sokukhulelwa Kungabangela Ukuthatha Isisu
Iqiniso: Izifo ezithile ze-bacterial and viral zingandisa ingozi yokukhulelwa kwesisu . Izibonelo zifaka:
- Isifo sesihlanu
- I-Rubella (isisindo seJalimane)
- I-bacterial vaginosis
- Clamydia
- Listeria
Lokho kusho ukuthi amathuba okuthi lezi zifo ziyoholela ekutheni ukukhulelwa kabi kuvame ukwehla kakhulu kunethuba lokuthi ingane izoba ngcono.
Isimangalo: Amamama Angaphezu Kwengu-35 Anengozi Ephakeme Kokuthatha Umshado
Iqiniso: Ingozi yokukhulelwa kwesisu ingaphezu kwama-moms angaphezu kuka-35, futhi cishe amaphesenti angu-50 omama asekuqaleni kwawo-40. Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi owesifazane okhulelwe oneminyaka engama-35 ubudala, amathuba akhe aphakeme kakhulu ukuthi uzokhulelwa ngokujwayelekile kunokuthi uzoba nesisu.
Isimangalo: Ukuthuthwa Kwangaphandle Kumelwe Kube Umkhuba Wami
Iqiniso: Ukushada indiva cishe akukaze kwenzeke ngenxa yento okuthiwa umama noma akenzanga. Kubalulekile ukugcizelela leli phuzu njengoba abesifazane abaningi bezibuza ukuthi bangenzani ukudala ukukhulelwa kwesisu. I-Chromosomal engavamile emntwaneni yimbangela evame kakhulu yokukhulelwa kwesisu , futhi lokhu okungajwayelekile akubangelwa yilokho owesifazane akwenzayo noma akwenzi, kodwa kwenzeke ngengozi yedwa.
> Imithombo:
> Cunningham, F. Gary., NoJohn Whitridge Williams. Williams Obstetrics. ENew York: McGraw-Hill Medical Medical, 2014. Phrinta.
> Ipaki, A., Leonard, E., noL. Handler. Imibuzo yezokwelapha ze-FPIN: Ukuzivocavoca nokulahlekelwa kokukhulelwa. I-American Family Physician . 2015. 91 (7): 437-8.
> Qu, F., Wu, Y., Zhu, Y. et al. Inhlangano Phakathi Kokucindezeleka Kokwengqondo Nokuhlukana Kwangaphandle: Ukubuyekezwa Okuhlelekile kanye Nokuhlaziywa Kwe-Meta-Analysis. Imibiko yesayensi . 2017. 7 (1): 1731.