Ukuncintisana Kwezokwelapha Ukubeletha
Ukubeletha kuzuzisa bobabili omama nabantwana, kanti ochwepheshe batusa ukuncelisa okukhethekile kuphela ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyisithupha zokuphila komntwana. Kodwa, nakuba cishe bonke abesifazane besondla, kunenani elincane labomama abangakwazi noma abangayikunakekela izingane zabo. Kungenzeka ukuthi umama akakwazi ukukhiqiza ubisi oluncelisayo lwebele , noma mhlawumbe kufanele athathe imithi noma athole ukwelashwa okungaphephile ngesikhathi sokuncelisa .
Kunezimo ezimbalwa zezokwelapha ezingahambisani nokuncelisa. Kwezinye izimo, kungenzeka ukuthi upompe futhi unikeze ingane ngobisi lwebele ebhodleleni noma ukuyeka ukubeletha okwesikhashana bese uqale kabusha. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, umntwana akufanele athole ubisi lwebele, nhlobo ebhodleleni noma ngokuncelisa. Nazi ezinye izizathu abesifazane abathile abakwazi ukuzenza noma abangeke bancelise.
Ukunikezwa Kwamabele Okunene Kwe-Breast Low
Iphesenti elincane kuphela labesifazane abafuna ukuncelisa ingane angeke lenze ngenxa yokuhluleka kokukhipha i-lactation noma ukuhlinzeka ngobisi lwebele oluphansi . Ukuhlinzeka ngobisi lweqiniso oluphansi ngokuvamile kubangelwa isimo esibucayi. Uma ukwelashwa, ezinye izinkinga zingalungiswa, ngakho umama angakwazi ukuqhubeka nokwakha ukunikezwa ubisi . Nokho, ezinye izinkinga azikwazi ukuxazululwa. Izimbangela zokuhlinzeka ngobisi lweqiniso oluphansi zihlanganisa:
- Izicubu ezingenalutho (izifuba ze-hypoplastic)
- I-Polycystic i-ovary syndrome (i-PCOS)
- I-Hypothyroidism
- Ukuhlinzwa kwebele okwedlulele njenge-mastectomy noma ukuhlinzwa kwebele
- Ukunakekelwa kwemishanguzo yangaphambi komdlavuza wesifuba
Uma unezinyosi zangempela zobisi, kungenzeka ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuba uncelise kuphela. Umntanakho uzodingeka athathe ubisi lwezinsana noma ubisi lwebele olunikezelayo ukuze afeze iningi lezidingo zakhe zokudla.
Kodwa-ke, ukuncelisa kunika okungaphezulu nje kokudla okunomsoco, ngakho-ke ungakwazi ukubeka ingane esifubeni. Izinsana eziningi kanye nezingane ezindala zibelethelela induduzo nokuphepha . Futhi, nakuba ungaba nobisi oluncane kakhulu besibisi, noma yiliphi inani ongayinika ingane yakho lilungile kuye.
Ukuthembela Emidakamizweni Engekho Emthethweni
Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni akuhambisani nokukhulelwa, ukuncelisa, noma ukubeletha. Ngaphandle kokungekho emthethweni, izidakamizwa zasemgwaqweni ziyingozi kumama nengane yakhe. Izidakamizwa zingena ubisi lwebele bese zidlulisela ezinganeni. Lapho abantwana bethola izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni ngokusebenzisa ubisi lwebele, kungabangela ukucasuka, ukulala, ukudla okuncane, izinkinga zokukhula, ukulimala kwegazi, ngisho nokufa. Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa zokuzilibazisa kubeka umama engozini yokuthola izifo ezithathelwanayo njenge-HIV ne-HTLV futhi uyonakalisa ikhono lakhe lokunakekela ingane yakhe. Omama abasebenzisa izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuncelisa izingane bangathola enkingeni ngomthetho bese belahlekelwa izingane zabo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abasebenzisi bokuqala bezidakamizwa bangakwazi ukuncelisa. Labo abaye bathola noma basokwelashwa ukuze bathole ukuphulukiswa, njengamanje abangenalo izidakamizwa futhi abanesandulela ngculaza, kufanele baxoxe ngesifiso sabo sokuncelisa nabanikeli babo bezempilo.
Imithi
Imithi eminingi iyahambisana nokuncelisa, kepha ezinye azikho. Imithi ethile yegciwane ingalimaza ingane, kanti neminye imithi ingabangela ukwehla kokunikezwa ubisi . Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuqala imithi emisha futhi njalo utshele udokotela ukuthi uncelisa. Uma kufanele uthathe imithi, cela ukuthi iphephile yini uma ubeletha noma uma kukhona okunye okuphephile.
Eminye yemithi engahambisani nokuncelisa ibele imithi ye-chemotherapy, imishanguzo ye-antiretroviral, iodine ye-radioactive, ezinye izidakamizwa, imithi yokwelashwa, nemithi engabangela ukugubha nokucindezela ukuphefumula.
Imithi enganciphisa ukondla ubisi lwebele ihlanganisa imithi ebandayo kanye neyesinasi equkethe i-pseudoephedrin kanye nezinhlobo ezithile zokulawulwa kokuzalwa kwe-hormonal .
Izifo ezithathelwanayo
Izifo eziningi ezivamile ziphathwa kahle futhi aziphazamisi ukuncelisa noma ukulimaza ingane. Kodwa-ke, zikhona izifo ezimbalwa ezithathelwanayo ezingadlulisela kumntwana ngobisi lwebele futhi ingozi yokudlulisela phambili ihamba phambili kunezinzuzo zokuncelisa. Lezi zimo zihlanganisa:
- I-HIV: Igciwane lesandulela ngculazi (i-HIV) igciwane elibangela ukutholakala kwe-immunodeficiency syndrome (i-AIDS). Umama one-HIV angadlulisela igciwane kumntanakhe ngokuncelisa ibele nobisi lwebele. Njengoba i-AIDS ingenawo ukwelashwa, umama onesandulela ngculazi akufanele aluse uma ehlala endaweni yomhlaba lapho kukhona khona okunye okuphephile. Kodwa-ke, emazweni lapho kungenakwenzeka khona ukuthuthwa okuphephile, ukubeletha okukhethekile kunganconywa.
- I-HTLV: Igciwane lesifo se-T-cell lymphotropic 1 (i-HTLV-1) igciwane elingabangela i-leukemia ne-lymphoma. Igciwane lesifo se-T-cell lymphotropic 2 (i-HTLV-2) lingabangela izinkinga zobuchopho nobuphuzi. Lezi amagciwane angeke ibangele noma yiziphi izimpawu, kodwa ziyizimo zokuphila okungenakho ukwelashwa. Njengoba i-HTLV-1 ne-HTLV-2 ingadlulela kumntwana ngokusebenzisa ubisi lwebele, umntwana akufanele aluse. Nakuba, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi amaseli e-HTLV-1 angabhubhisa ngokushisa nokuqothula ubisi lwebele obonisiwe uma ubisi luqhwale ekushiseni kwe--4 degrees F (-20 C) noma ngezansi kwamahora angaphezu kuka-12.
- Ukutheleleka kwesifo sofuba: Isifo sofuba (TB) ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya emaphashini. Idluliswa ngamaconsi okuphefumula, hhayi ngokuncelisa noma ubisi lwebele. Kodwa-ke, umama angakwazi ukunikeza ingane isifo sofuba ngokukhukhumeza, ukugcoba nokuthinta. Uma umama ene-TB esebenzayo, kodwa ingane yakhe ayifuni, akufanele abe nobudlelwane obuseduze nengane yakhe ngakho-ke akufanele aluse. Kodwa, njengoba isifo sofuba singadluliselwa ngobisi lwebele, umntwana angathola ubisi lwebele olunyakazelwe kuze kube yilapho ukubeletha kungaqala emva kwamasonto amabili okwelashwa. Uma bobabili umama nomntwana benesifo sofuba, bangakwazi ukuhlala ndawonye ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, futhi umntwana angancancisa.
- I-Herpes esibelethweni: I- Herpes ayidluliselwa ngobisi lwebele, uma nje izilonda zingekho esilwini, noma yiziphi izilonda kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba zimbozwa, futhi ukugeza izandla kuphelile, kuphephile ukuncelisa. Kodwa-ke, uma kukhona izilonda ezisebenzayo esifubeni, ukuncelisa ingane kuyingozi. I-herpes virus ingaba yingozi kumntwana.
Lapho umntwana engakwazi ukubeletha
Iningi lezingane zingamncelisa. Ngisho nezinsana ezalwa nezinkinga zokuzalwa ezinjengokuqala kokushisa, ukugcoba ngomlomo kanye ne-palate, noma i-down syndrome abangase bangakwazi ukuthatha isifuba ngokushesha bangakwazi ukuthatha ubisi lwebele olumile ebhodleleni . Ngesineke, isikhathi, nokusizwa, lezi zingane zingase ziqhubeke zibelethe ngempumelelo. Kuphela uma umntwana ezalwa enezinye zezimo ezimbalwa ezingavamile zezakhi zofuzo zokubeletha kungenzeka ukuthi akunakwenzeka. Kodwa, ngisho noma kunjalo, ngezinye izikhathi umntwana usengamncelisa kancane kancane. Lezi zimo zihlanganisa:
I-Galactosemia ye-Classic: I- Galactosemia ukuhluleka komzimba ukuphula i-galactose. I-Galactose iyingxenye yobisi ushukela lactose, futhi i- lactose iyishukela elikhulu ebisi lwebele . Ngakho-ke, uma ukuhlolwa kwengane kunomthelela we-galactosemia yakudala, angeke ancelise noma athathe ubisi lwebele ebhodleleni. Ingane izodinga uketshezi oluyingane olukhethekile ne-galactose-mahhala yokudla njengoba ekhula ukuvimbela izinkinga ezinjenge- jaundice , ukuhlanza , uhudo , izinkinga zentuthuko yesikhathi eside, nokufa.
Ifomu elincane kakhulu le-galactosemia libizwa ngokuthi i-galactosemia kaDuarte. Izingane ezine-galactosemia kaDuarte zingaphula i-galactose. Ngaphansi kokunakekelwa ngokuqondile kukadokotela onguchwepheshe bokukhathazeka komzimba, kungenzeka ukuthi uncelise ngenkathi ugcwalisa ifomu le-galactose mahhala. Udokotela kumele aqaphele amazinga e-galactose wengane njalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ahlala ngaphansi kokulawula.
I-Phenylketonuria (PKU): Ingane ene-PKU ayikwazi ukudiliza i-phenylalanine, i-amino acid. Uma i-phenylalanine ikhiqiza emzimbeni womntwana, ingabangela ukulimala kobuchopho. Ngakho-ke, izinsana ezine-PKU zidinga ukudla okuncane ku-phenylalanine. Kukhona ifomula elikhethekile lokusana lwezinsana ezinePKU. Kodwa, ngoba ubisi lwebele luphansi e-phenylalanine, ingane enePKU ingase ikwazi ukuhlanganisa ukubeletha kanye nokudla kwefomula ngefomula ekhethekile. Inani lokuncelisa ibele kufanele lilawulwe, futhi ingane kufanele ibe nomsebenzi wegazi njalo nokuqapha ngokucophelela.
Isifo sesiphuphu se- maple isiraphu : Ingane ezalwe yisifo se-urine isisipuni se-urine ayikwazi ukudiliza i-amino acids leucine, isoleucine, ne-valine. Lapho lezi-amino acid ziqoqa egazini legazi, zinikeza iphunga elimnandi eliphunga elimapulangwe elibonakalayo emcinini, indlebe ye-ear, nokukhukhumeza. Ukwakhiwa kwala ma-amino acid kungabangela ubuthongo, ukudla okuncane, ukuhlanza, ukugubha, ukuhlaselwa, nokufa. Ukuze ugcwalise izidingo zomsoco wezingane, udokotela uzolalela ifomula ekhethekile yezingane ezingenayo i-amino acids leucine, i-isoleucine, i-valine. Udokotela angase futhi ancoma ukuncelisa ingane kancane uma inani lobisi lwebele lilinganiswa ngokucophelela futhi ingane ihlolwe eduze.
Izwi elivela ku-Verywell
Wonke umama nengane ihlukile, futhi kunjalo nanoma yisiphi isimo sokuncelisa. Uma ufuna ukuncelisa, kodwa utshele ukuthi awukwazi noma awufanele, kungabhubhisa. Kulungile ukuzwa uthukuthele noma ukudabuka futhi uthathe isikhathi sokusebenza ngemizwelo yakho. Kungasiza futhi ukukhuluma ngemizwa yakho nodokotela wakho, oshade naye, noma umuntu omethembayo.
Njengoba kunzima kangakanani, zama ukukhumbula ukuthi ukubeletha akuyona indlela yodwa yokunikeza ukudla okunomsoco nokwakha ubuhlobo obuseduze nengane yakho. Ingane yakho ingathola umsoco ayidingayo kusuka kubisi lwebele lomnikeli, ifomula lesana, noma ifomula elusana lomntwana. Ukubambisana nokuxhumeka kuzoqinisa isikhathi ngasinye lapho ubamba ingane yakho, ukhulume naye, umduduze, bese uyamondla ngebhodlela. Ngenxa yokuthi awukwazi noma akufanele ukondla akusho ukuthi awukwazi ukuba ngumama omkhulu futhi ube nomntwana ojabule, onempilo.
> Imithombo:
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> Jansson LM. I-ABM protocol yomtholampilo # 21: Izinkombandlela zokuncelisa kanye nowesifazane othembekile ngokwemithi. Imithi yokwelashwa. 2009 Dec 1; 4 (4): 225-8.
> I-Protocol AB. I-ABM protocol yomtholampilo # 7: inqubomgomo yokuncelisa ibele (ukubuyekezwa 2010). Imithi yokwelashwa. 2010; 5 (4).
> Sachs HC. Ukudluliswa kwezidakamizwa kanye nokwelapha ebisi lomuntu lomuntu: isibuyekezo kuzihloko ezikhethiwe . Izingane zokwelapha. 2013 Sep 1; 132 (3): e796-809.
> I-World Health Organization. Izizathu zokwelashwa ezamukelekayo zokusebenzisa izakhi zobisi lwebele . 2009.